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See also tobacco smoking and Health effects of tobacco smoking
"Second Hand Smoke" redirects here. For the Sublime album, see Second-hand Smoke (album) Passive smoking (also known as involuntary smoking, secondhand smoking, or Environmental Tobacco Smoke) occurs when the ambient smoke from (a) one person's burning tobacco product or (b) the smoker's exhalation is inhaled by others. There is controversy surrounding the health risks of long term exposure to second hand smoke, but the most recent studies confirm the health risks. Passive smoking is one of the key issues leading to smoking bans in workplaces, smoke-free restaurants, and public places.

Short Term Effects


Some non-smokers are able to stay in a room with smokers for quite some time and notice little or no effects. For others, however, just a few minutes or an hour of exposure can make them feel quite ill. Persons with asthma can experience attacks brought on by proximity to smoke.

Tobacco smoke is an allergen, and allergy sufferers can experience stuffy, runny noses, watery eyes, sneezing, coughing, wheezing, and all the other typical allergy symptoms within minutes of exposure. Some people with no known allergies and without asthma may cough in smoke-filled rooms, get headaches, feel nauseous, feel sleepy, and experience other ill effects. Many former smokers, and those who are trying to quit do not like to be around smoke as it can cause them to have cravings. Some people simply do not like the odor, which clings to hair and clothing.

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke - American Heart Association: secondhand smoke causes heart disease and nearly doubles the risk of heart attack.
Meta Description: [ In January 1993 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared environmental tobacco smoke (also called ETS, secondhand smoke or passive smoke) a known human carcinogen. It was classified as an environmental toxin equivalent to asbestos and other hazardous substances. ]

Secondhand smoke and schaemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence - Analysis of 19 epidemiological studies shows that people who have never smoked have 30% greater risk of ischaemic heart disease if they live with a smoker.

Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on the Coronary Circulation in Healthy Young Adults - Recent research shows that even brief exposure to secondhand smoke affects heart health.

Cardiovascular Dangers of Passive Smoking - What secondhand smoke does to cholesterol, the heart, the blood, and the arteries.

Cardiovascular Effects of Secondhand Smoke: Nearly as Large as Smoking - Review of recent research finds the effects of secondhand smoke on the heart and cardiovascular system are nearly as bad as smoking itself.

CNN - Study: Passive smoke an even greater risk - New research provides some of the strongest evidence yet that constant exposure to passive smoke nearly doubles the risk of heart attack and death in non-smokers.

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence - Article from the British Medical Journal.

Epidemiologic Studies of Fatal and Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease and ETS Exposure from Spousal Smoking - The evidence linking heart disease and ETS exposure from a spouse has become substantially stronger since OSHA first proposed including heart disease in its risk assessment of ETS in 1994
Meta Description: [ Epidemiologic Studies of Fatal and Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease and ETS Exposure from Spousal Smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, heart disease, Epidemiologic Studies of Fatal and Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease and ETS Exposure from Spousal Smoking, Michael Thun, Jane Henley, and Louis Apic... ]

ETS exposure increases heart attack risk - ETS may be responsible for as many as 40,000 heart attacks a year. 13 of 14 recent epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk for coronary heart disease.

Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke: Heart Disease - Describes the effect of secondhand smoke on circulation and the heart, and provides a bibliography of relevant research.

NEJM -- Passive Smoking and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease -- A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies - Review of the scientific literature finds that passive smoking is consistently associated with an increased risk of heart disease across a wide variety of studies.
Meta Description: [ Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine -- Passive Smoking and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease -- A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies ]

One Half Hour of Passive Smoking Damages Heart - News report on research research that shows that breathing secondhand smoke for just 30 minutes can damage the heart.

Online NewsHour: Second Hand Smoke - Interview with researcher on effect of secondhand smoke on heart health.
Meta Description: [ Transcript from the NewsHour with Jim Lehrer ]

Passive Smoking and Cardiovascular Risk - Paper covers animal studies, human studies.

Passive Smoking and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease - A meta-analysis of epidemiologic Studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine indicates secondhand smoke causes heart attack, atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries, congestive heart failure and other cardiovascular problems.

Passive Tobacco Smoke And Heart Disease - Summary of recent research showing that secondhand smoke causes more heart disease than cancer.
Meta Description: [ Passive smoking and heart disease ]

Repace Associates - Secondhand Smoke and Cardiovascular Disease - Reviews the literature up to most recent publications; presents summary and graphs results for major research items.

Science News Online: Secondhand Smoke Carries High Price - Scientists have taken the guesswork out of determining how much damage secondhand smoke does to a person's arteries. It's about 40 percent as much as smoking does, a new study finds. Large study (10,914 people) done at Wake Forest University.
Meta Description: [ Nonsmokers exposed to secondary smoke suffer 20 percent more damage to their arteries than those not exposed. ]

Secondhand Smoke a First-Rate Danger - Secondhand smoke is now recognized as a significant cardiovascular health hazard; summary of findings of 18 recent research studies.

500 Secondhand Smoke and Acute Coronary Syndromes - Research finds that even small exposures to secondhand smoke can damage health and even kill.

Secondhand Smoke and Heart Attacks - Research finds that exposure to secondhand smoke increases incidence of heart attacks.

Secondhand Smoke as a Cause of Atherosclerotic Disease - Article in a medical journal summarizes the research findings that secondhand smoke causes heart disease that may be irreversible.

Secondhand Smoke Breaks Down Blood Vessel - Research results: After spending only 30 minutes in a smoke-filled room, participants in a study had losses in their blood levels of antioxidants.

Secondhand Smoke Shortens Life - One of the largest studies on secondhand smoke ever done finds that people who lived with a smoker die sooner than people who don't.
Meta Description: [ EVIDENCE that living with a smoker can shorten your life has emerged from a study in New Zealand. The study, one of the largest ever done, looked at deaths among people aged 45 to 74 who completed census returns in 1981 and in 1996. ]

Secondhand Smoke Ups Heart Attack Risk - Nonsmoking individuals living with heavy smokers have four times the risk of heart attack compared with those who live in smoke-free environments, according to a study.

Six-month Public Smoking Ban Slashes Heart Attack Rate in Community - In the first study of its kind, researchers have found that the number of heart attack victims admitted to a regional hospital dropped by nearly 60 percent during the first six months that a smoke-free ordinance was in effect in the community.
Meta Description: [ In the first study of its kind, researchers have found that the number of heart attack victims admitted to a regional hospital dropped by nearly 60 percent during the first six months that a smoke-free ordinance was in effect in the area. ]

Tobacco and Cardiovascular Disease - Section on secondhand smoke and heart disease.

Unfavorable Effects of Passive Smoking on Aortic Function - Report in Annals of Internal Medicine. Research directly measured effects of secondhand smoke on blood vessels.

Washington Post: Secondhand Smoke Linked to Increased Heart Attack Rate - Article on a major study finding that high exposure to secondhand smoke nearly doubles a woman's risk of having a heart attack.

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