Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. Metastasis is defined as the stage in which cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk tends to increase with age. It is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries.
There are many types of cancer. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of cancer pathology. Drugs that target specific cancers already exist for several cancers. If untreated, cancers may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case.
The unregulated growth that characterizes cancer is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by chemicals or physical agents called carcinogens, by close exposure to radioactive materials, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into the human genome. Mutations occur spontaneously, or are passed down generations as a result of germ line mutations.
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American Cancer Society - Cancer Statistics - Facts and figures, available in pdf format.
Meta Description: [ The American Cancer Society tracks cancer occurence, including the number of deaths, cases, and how long people survive after diagnosis. ACS also tracks data regarding behaviors that influence the risk of developing cancer and the use of screening tests. ]
American Cancer Society: Harmful Effects of Tobacco - Information related to use of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and exposure to secondhand smoke.
Meta Description: [ Get the facts about what cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco do to your body, your wallet, and the health of those around you. ]
Cigarette Smoke Causes Breaks in DNA and Defects to Chromosomes - Recent research fidns a single cigarette causes breaks in DNA and defects to a cell’s chromosomes, leading to irreversible changes in genetic information.
Dying of Cancer, She Used Her Last Days to Warn Kids - At age 42, Barb Tarbox used her last few months of life to go on a speaking tour of Canada schools, to tell them what it's like to be dying of cancer caused by cigarettes.
Meta Description: [ Barb Tarbox ]
Most Cancer Is Made, Not Born - Recent research shows that most cancer is caused by environmental exposure to carcinogens, not from preprogrammed genes; smoking is the single-most important avoidable cause of cancer and is directly responsible for 30 percent of all cases.
NCI: Tobacco and Cancer - Information from the National Cancer Institute includes QAs about tobacco products and their association with cancer. It also includes information about quitting, prevention, clinical trials, research, literature, and statistics.
Meta Description: [ Information about cigarettes and other tobacco products, quitting smoking, tobacco research, and tobacco statistics. ]
OncoLink: Smoking and Cancer - Links compiled by OncoLink.
Meta Description: [ OncoLink, the Web's first cancer resource, provides the latest cancer news from Reuters News, The Abramson Cancer Center, the OncoLink Weekly News Flash, Archived videos of special cancer related events on OncoLink TV, special cancer related teaching guides for students, information about causes ... ]
Prostate Cancer and Smoking - Slides from a college lecture discusses the association.
Scots Tobacco Death Toll Studied - Scotland's title as Europe's lung cancer capital has come under the spotlight at a major anti-smoking conference.
Meta Description: [ Scotland's title as Europe's lung cancer capital has come under the spotlight at a major anti-smoking conference. ]
Smoking and Cancer - ASH-UK factsheet covers the difference cancers caused by smoking and tobacco.
Smoking Increases Skin Cancer Risk - Tobacco products triple the risk of developing a common form of skin cancer, according to a new study.
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