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The philosophical concept of causality, the principles of causes, or causation, the working of causes, refers to the set of all particular "causal" or "cause-and-effect" relations. A neutral definition is notoriously hard to provide since every aspect of causation has received substantial debate. Most generally, causation is a relationship that holds between events, objects, variables, or states of affairs. Causality presumes that all those things must have at least one cause, factor, or reason. It is also usually presumed that the cause chronologically precedes the effect. Finally, the existence of a causal relationship generally suggests that - all other things being equal - if the cause occurs the effect will as well (or at least the probability of the effect occurring will increase).

In natural languages, causal relationships can be expressed by the following causative expressions: i) a set of causative verbs make, create, do, effect, produce, occasion, perform, determine, influence; construct, compose, constitute; provoke, motivate, force, facilitate, induce, get, stimulate; begin, commence, initiate, institute, originate, start; prevent, keep, restrain, preclude, forbid, stop, cease; ii) a set of causative names agent, author, creator, designer, former, originator; antecedent, causality, causation, condition, fountain, occasion, origin, power, precedent, reason, source, spring; reason, grounds, motive, need, impulse; iii) a set of effective names creation, development, effect, end, event, fruit, impact, influence, issue, outcome, outgrowth, product, result, upshot. Causality is the centerpiece of the universe and so the main subject of ontology; for comprehending the nature, meaning, kinds, varieties, and ordering of cause and effect amounts to knowing the beginnings and endings of things, to uncovering the implicit mechanisms of world dynamics, or to having the fundamental scientific knowledge.

Causation in the history of Western philosophy


Aristotle

In Metaphysics and Posterior Analytics, Aristotle stated: "All causes of things are beginnings; that we have scientific knowledge when we know the cause; that to know a thing's existence is to know the reason why it is". With this, he set the guidelines for all the subsequent causal theories by specifying the number, nature, principles, elements, varieties, order of causes as well as the modes of causation. Aristotle's account of the causes of things may be qualified as the most comprehensive model up to now.

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AP review: Effects wow but story limps in `Avatar' (AP): When a film brashly asserts that it will change moviem.. http://bit.ly/6lONLU
Eonline_com (E Online) Fri, 11 Dec 2009 09:13:25 -0000
AP review: Effects wow but story limps in `Avatar' (AP): When a film brashly asserts that it will change moviem.. http://bit.ly/6lONLU
No worries RT @terryred: Had a blast at the Essence Communications Xmas Party last night..and still feeling the effects :) tnx Azreen
azreen18 (Azreen Mohamed) Fri, 11 Dec 2009 09:12:31 -0000
No worries RT @terryred: Had a blast at the Essence Communications Xmas Party last night..and still feeling the effects :) tnx Azreen
AP review: Effects wow but story limps in `Avatar' (AP)http://bit.ly/6wofjG
yippie2 (Carrol Topper) Fri, 11 Dec 2009 09:12:17 -0000
AP review: Effects wow but story limps in `Avatar' (AP)http://bit.ly/6wofjG
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mbasyar (Muhammad Basyar) Fri, 11 Dec 2009 09:10:41 -0000
ET is classic. It's interesting to think about how V.Effects have advanced and how deep the concept of extraterrestrial has been explored..

 
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