The amniotic sac is a tough but thin transparent pair of membranes, which hold a developing embryo (and later fetus) until shortly before birth. The inner membrane, the amnion, contains the amniotic fluid and the fetus. The outer membrane, the chorion, contains the amnion and is part of the placenta. It is also called the amniotic bubble because of its resemblance to a bubble. When in the light, the amniotic sac is shiny and very smooth, but too tough to pierce through.
An artificial rupture of membranes (ARM), also known as an amniotomy, may be performed by a midwife or obstetrician. This is usually performed using an amnihook and is intended to induce or accelerate labour.
Renal Agenesis :: Congenital Anomalies

High-Risk Pregnancy - Amniotic Fluid Problems - Description, causes, concerns, symptoms, and treatment for hydramnios and oligohydramnios.
Oligohydramnios - A case study, including ultrasound images, from the Department of Radiology at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Oligohydramnios: When Amniotic Fluid is Too Low - Article from Pregnancy Today.
Meta Description: [ Pregnancy Today - Oligohydramnios: When Amniotic Fluid is Too Low ]
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The Cochrane Library - Abstract titled: Maternal hydration for increasing amniotic fluid volume in oligohydramnios and normal amniotic fluid volume.
The Cochrane Library - Abstract titled: Prophylactic versus therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios in labour.
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