Ribavirin (Copegus^®; Rebetol^®; Ribasphere^®; Vilona^®,Virazole^®, also generics from Sandoz, Teva, Warrick) is an anti-viral drug which is active against a number of DNA and RNA viruses. It is a member of the nucleoside antimetabolite drugs that interfere with duplication of viral genetic material. Though not effective against all viruses, ribavirin is remarkable as a small molecule for its wide range of activity, including important activities against influenzas, flaviviruses and agents of many viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Ribavirin is a pro-drug, activated by cellular kinases which change it into the 5' triphosphate nucleotide. In this form it interferes with aspects of RNA metabolism related to viral reproduction. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for this (see Mechanisms of Action, below) but none of these is proven. More than one mechanism may be active.

In the U.S. the oral (capsule or tablet) form of ribavirin is used in the treatment of hepatitis C, in combination with interferon drugs. The aerosol form is used to treat respiratory syncytial virus-related diseases in children. In Mexico, ribavirin ("ribavirina") has been sold for use against influenza.

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