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Pilocarpine is a muscarinic alkaloid obtained from the leaves of tropical American shrubs from the genus Pilocarpus. It acts as a muscarinic receptor agonist in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Clinical uses


Pilocarpine has been used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute angle-closure glaucoma for over 100 years.* It acts on a subtype of muscarinic receptor (M3) found on the iris sphincter muscle, causing the muscle to contract and produce miosis. This opens the trabecular meshwork through increased tension on the scleral spur. This action facilitates the rate that aqueous humor leaves the eye to decrease intraocular pressure.

Pilocarpine is also used to treat dry mouth (xerostomia). Pilocarpine stimulates the secretion of large amounts of saliva and sweat. It may also cause hypotension and bradycardia in the cardiovascular system, and bronchospasm and increased bronchial secretion in the lungs due to its non-selective muscarinic action.

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