Lindane is an insecticide, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC). It has an LD50 of 88 mg/kg, is suspected of being a carcinogen and is banned in the U.S. state of California and in 52 countries. There is also a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban the use of lindane for headlice and limit its use on scabies.

Its method of action is via interfering with the GABAa receptor/Cl- channel. It is volatile with roughly 90% entering the atmosphere and ultimately being deposited in rain. In 1992 5.5 mg/L of lindane was detected in rain in Oxfordshire. It is still widely used in most of Europe and nearly all developing countries. Mexico is the next of many nations who is banning lindane.

Like other agricultural pesticides, lindane is very easily introduced into the water and food supply of an area through rainfall; this can lead to low-level lindane poisoning amongst the local community. A chief symptom of this is a tic causing occasional flickering of the eyelid; other than this minor discomfort, such levels of poisoning are not harmful. Lindane has caused seizures, blood disorders, brain cancer in children, and is linked to both breast cancer and Parkinson's disease. Lindane is no longer manufactured in the US, but is sold as a pharmaceutical by Alliant.

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