Insulin (from Latin insula, "island", as it is produced in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. Apart from being the primary effector in carbohydrate homeostasis, it has effects on fat metabolism. It can change the liver's ability to release fat stores. Insulin's concentration (more or less, presence or absence) has extremely widespread effects throughout the body.
Insulin is used medically in some forms of diabetes mellitus. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus depend on exogenous insulin (commonly injected subcutaneously) for their survival because of an absolute deficiency of the hormone; patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have either relatively low insulin production or insulin resistance or both, and a non-trivial fraction of type 2 diabetics eventually require insulin administration when other medications become inadequate in controlling blood glucose levels.
Insulin has a molecular weight of 5.808 kDa. It has the empirical formula C257 H383 N65 O77 S6.
More on [ Insulin ]

DrugDigest: Insulin - Information on dosage, usage, side effects, interactions, and drug comparisons, including generics when available. Also sold under brand names such as: Humulin, Iletin, Novolin, Velosulin.
DrugDigest: Insulin Aspartate ( NovoLog ) - Information on dosage, usage, side effects, interactions, and drug comparisons, including generics when available.
DrugDigest: Insulin Glargine ( Lantus ) - Information on dosage, usage, side effects, interactions, and drug comparisons, including generics when available.
Lantus (insulin glargine) - Aventis - This site contains information on how Lantus works, how to use Lantus and how to better manage type 1 or type 2 diabetes for better blood glucose control.
Lantus Consumer Information - FDA - Patient FAQ in html format with a link to approved labeling in pdf format.
Novolin InnoLet - Manufacturer's information on human insulin (rDNA origin) from Novo Nordisk. Includes FAQs and package insert text.
Novolog ( Insulin Aspart rDNA Origin ) - Manufacturer's information for patients and healthcare professionals.
NovoLog Consumer Information - FDA - Patient FAQ in html format with a link to approved labeling in pdf format.
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Virtual Hospital Rx Update: Review of Insulin Products - Summary comparison of formulations available in the US, including onset, peak, and duration of action after subcutaneous injection, as well as compatibility.
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