Phenylephrine or neosynephrine is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as a decongestant, as an agent to dilate the pupil, and rarely to increase blood pressure. It has the CAS number 61-76-7.
Oral phenylephrine is extensively metabolised by monoamine oxidase, an enzyme which is present in the stomach and liver. Therefore, compared to orally-taken pseudoephedrine, it has a reduced bioavailability, and is less effective as a nasal decongestant. Because phenylephrine is a direct selective alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist, it does not cause the release of endogeneous noradrenaline like pseudoephedrine does. Therefore, phenylephrine is less likely to cause side-effects like central nervous system stimulation, insomnia, anxiety, irritability and restlessness.
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