Ganciclovir (INN) (IPA: ) is an antiviral medication used to treat or prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. It was developed by Canadian scientist Kelvin K. Ogilvie.Ogilvie KK. Biography – Kelvin K. Ogilvie Wolfville (NS): Acadia University; c2003. [updated 2003 Sep 17; cited 2006 May 28. Available from: http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/chem/faculty/kko/Biography.html Ganciclovir sodium is marketed under the trade names Cytovene and Cymevene (Roche). Ganciclovir for ocular use is marketed under the trade name Vitrasert (Bausch & Lomb). A prodrug form with improved oral bioavailability (valganciclovir) has also been developed.

Mechanism of action

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Ganciclovir is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxy-guanosine. It is first phosphorylated to a deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) analog. This competitively inhibits the incorporation of dGTP by viral DNA polymerase, resulting in the termination of elongation of viral DNA.

Clinical use

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Indications

Ganciclovir is indicated for:Rossi S, editor. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3

• Sight-threatening CMV retinitis in severely immunocompromised people
• CMV pneumonitis in bone marrow transplant recipients
• Prevention of CMV disease in bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients
• Confirmed CMV retinitis in people with AIDS (intravitreal implant)

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