Dextroamphetamine (also known as dextroamphetamine sulfate, dexamphetamine sulphate, d-amphetamine, dexamphetamine, Dexedrine, Dextrostat, Dexampex, Ferndex, Oxydess II, Robese, Spancap #1, and, informally, Dex), a stereoisomer of amphetamine, is a potent central nervous system stimulant that induces the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine into nerve synapses in certain areas of the brain, thus promoting nerve impulse transmission. In the majority of individuals, dextroamphetamine acts as a psychostimulant, increasing mental alertness and decreasing any sense of fatigue.
Dextroamphetamine, commonly abbreviated as d-amphetamine, is the dextrorotary enantiomer of amphetamine. Racemic amphetamine, which consists of equal parts dextroamphetamine and laevoamphetamine, was first synthesized under the chemical name "phenylisopropylamine" in 1887 by the Romanian chemist L. Edeleano. Amphetamine was not widely marketed until 1932, when the pharmaceutical company Smith, Kline, and French (currently known as GlaxoSmithKline) introduced it in the form of the "Benzedrine Inhaler," for combating cold symptoms. Notably, the chemical form of Benzedrine in the inhaler was the purely basic form (i.e., it was not a chloride or sulfate salt). In free-base form, amphetamine is a volatile oil, hence the efficacy of the inhalers.
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MedlinePlus: Dextroamphetamine - Provides information on usage, precautions, side effects and brand names when available. Data provided by various government agencies and health-related organizations.
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