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Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic originally derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae, isolated by David Gottlieb, and introduced into clinical practice in 1949.

It was the first antibiotic to be manufactured synthetically on a large scale. Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms; it is still very widely used in low income countries because it is exceedingly cheap, but has fallen out of favour in the West due to a very rare idiosyncratic side effect: aplastic anemia, which is uniformly fatal when it occurs.

In the West, the main use of chloramphenicol is in eye drops or ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis.

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MedlinePlus: Chloramphenicol (Systemic) - Provides information on usage, precautions, side effects and brand names when available. Data provided by various government agencies and health-related organizations.
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