Anabolic steroids are a class of natural and synthetic steroid hormones that promote cell growth and division, resulting in growth of several types of tissues, especially muscle and bone. Different anabolic steroids have varying combinations of androgenicandanabolic properties, and are often referred to in medical texts as AAS (anabolic/androgenic steroids). Testosterone is the most potent natural anabolic steroid, while dihydrotestosterone is the most potent natural androgen. Anabolic steroids are often used by athletes as performance enhancing substances.
Anabolic and virilizing effects
Anabolic steroids produce both anabolic and virilization (also known as androgenic) effects.
Most anabolic steroids work in two simultaneous ways. First, they work by binding the androgen receptor and increasing protein synthesis. Second, they also reduce recovery time by blocking the effects of the stress hormone, cortisol, on muscle tissue. As a result, catabolism of the body's muscle mass is greatly reduced.