In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amine and carboxylic acid functional groups. In biochemistry, this shorter and more general term is frequently used to refer to alpha amino acids: those amino acids in which the amino and carboxylate functionalities are attached to the same carbon, the so-called α–carbon.

An amino acid residue is what is left of an amino acid once a molecule of water has been lost (an H⁺ from the nitrogenous side and an OH^- from the carboxylic side) in the formation of a peptide bond.

Just as the letters of the alphabet can be combined in different ways to form an endless variety of words, amino acids can be linked together in varying sequences to form a huge variety of proteins. The unique shape of each protein determines its function in the body.

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