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<title>Rising Gas Prices Affecting Home Health Care Workers; Industry Considers Replacing Rural Visits With Remote Monitoring</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115734.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[  Rising fuel prices are causing financial strain for some home health care workers and the industry is considering replacing some services in rural areas with remote monitoring systems, the AP/Chicago Tribune reports.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115778.php">
<title>Frontline Health Staff See Individual Tragedies Of Alcohol Misuse Problems In England</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115778.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[According to government figures published today, 811,000 people were admitted to hospital with alcohol misuse problems in 2006 in England.  The figures hide the individual tragedies that hospital frontline staff see everyday, says the British Medical Association (BMA).]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115733.php">
<title>Association Of Academic Health Centers Calls For National Plan To Recruit, Retain Health Care Workers</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115733.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[  The Association of Academic Health Centers on Thursday during a briefing said that the federal government needs to help develop a national plan to recruit and retain health care workers to meet increased demand as the U.S. population ages, ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115653.php">
<title>Royal College Of Nursing Welcomes Government End Of Life Care Strategy, UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115653.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[The Royal College of Nursing is encouraged by the Government's plans to increase its investment in training and development of health and social care professionals, as part of the End of Life Care Strategy.]]></description>
</item>

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<title>Royal College Of Nursing Welcomes Decreases In MRSA Infections, UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115652.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Commenting on quarterly figures from the Health Protection Agency on MRSA bloodstream infections and C. difficile, Royal College of Nursing (RCN) General Secretary & Chief Executive, Dr Peter Carter, said:   "The RCN is pleased the latest HPA figures show a 30 per cent decrease in reported MRSA cases in the 2007/08 financial year.]]></description>
</item>

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<title>Royal College Of Nursing Welcomes New Guidance For Providing Acute Mental Health Care For Women, UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115651.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Commenting on today's publication of 'Informed Gender Practice, Mental health Acute Care That Works for Women', by the Care Services Improvement Partnership, Dr. Peter Carter, Chief Executive & General Secretary, of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), said:   "The RCN welcomes this guidance as it highlights the importance of equality practices in mental health care and should enable women to receive support tailored specifically to their needs.]]></description>
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<title>Current Policies Will Not Avert Health Workforce Crisis Warns New Report</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115610.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Without immediate action to develop an integrated, comprehensive, national health workforce policy, the U.S. is at risk of losing its status as the global health care leader, states a new report released by the Association of Academic Health Centers (AAHC, http://www.aahcdc.org/). The report was funded in part by the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation.]]></description>
</item>

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<title>Study Finds Temperature-Taking Methods Are Not Interchangeable</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115387.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[While various methods for taking a patient's temperature exist, the devices do not all produce identical or even similar values. Substituting one method for another could lead to erroneous decisions for treating temperature spikes and drops. A study in the June 2008 issue of MEDSURG Nursing compares noninvasive temperature measurement devices with an oral electronic thermometer.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115386.php">
<title>Nurses Can Help Patients By Taking A Stand Against Smoking</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115386.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Nicotine is one of the most heavily used addictive drugs in the United States, and more than one in five people use some form of the drug (cigarettes, cigars, pipes and chewing tobacco). Despite the fact that research consistently indicates tobacco use or exposure to tobacco smoke is harmful, new smokers initiate smoking each day. In the June 2008 issue of MEDSURG Nursing, Paul C. Lewis describes the prevalence of tobacco use and the challenges associated with smoking cessation.]]></description>
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<title>Medical-Surgical Nurses Can Be Advocates For Family Presence During Resuscitation</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115384.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Typically, family members are not allowed in a patient's room during resuscitation efforts. Physicians and nurses who oppose having family members in the patient room say their presence can cause distractions, violate patient confidentiality, create crowding and increase liability. However, proponents of family presence at the bedside say it provides a sense of closeness, the ability to see that everything is done for the patient, decreases fear and anxiety and helps them cope with grief.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115288.php">
<title>Drexel University College Of Nursing Receives $1.4 MM Federal Grant To Spread Nursing Technology Expertise Nationally, USA</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115288.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Drexel University College of Nursing and Health Professions (CNHP) has long been at the forefront of technology, graduating nurses with the technical knowledge needed to improve patient safety and outcomes. Now, Drexel will share its expertise across Pennsylvania and throughout the United States through a $1,493,107 federal grant from the Health Services and Research Administration.]]></description>
</item>

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<title>School Nurse Shortages Prompt Teachers, Staff To Substitute</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115451.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[  The AP/San Francisco Chronicle on Wednesday examined how "medical duties have become a part of the job" for U.S. teachers as schools reduce nursing staff or require nurses to work at multiple schools.  According to the AP/Chronicle, the trend comes as an increasing number of students have serious medical conditions, such as asthma, diabetes and severe allergies.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115322.php">
<title>St. Petersburg Times Examines Debate Surrounding Home Births</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115322.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[The St. Petersburg Times on Monday examined the controversy surrounding home births, which has pitted some home birth advocates and physicians against each other. While supporters of home births have "flung phrases like 'father knows best' and 'power play,'" opponents have used "trendy" and "the latest cause celebre," according to the Times. Last month, the ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115269.php">
<title>TOG Release: Factors Impeding Access To Good Maternal Healthcare For Ethnic Minority Women In The UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115269.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[The lack of a fall in the maternal death rate in the latest report by the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) has been partly attributed to the increasing percentage of births from immigrant women.   Women from ethnic minority groups (defined as those other than white British women), immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers and those from the gypsy population have been identified as being significantly more at risk of maternal mortality.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115268.php">
<title>Newly Qualified Nurse Struck Off, UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115268.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[A 26 year old registered nurse from Welling, Kent has been struck off the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) register for failures in sharps handling and disposal.   Newly qualified Jemma Breslin was working at Queen Elizabeth NHS Trust in February 2007 when she was charged with going against the hospital's procedure and policy by administering a controlled drug without the assistance or witness of a colleague.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115275.php">
<title>RCN Responds To Findings Of The Investigation Into Former Nurse David Britten</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/115275.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Commenting on the findings of the investigation into David Britten and the Peter Dally Clinic, Former Chief Executive of CNWL NHS Trust and now Chief Executive & General Secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, Dr Peter Carter, said:   "The findings of this investigation are overall very welcome.   "The report sets out that Britten systematically abused many women over a twenty year period.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114856.php">
<title>New Articles On Infertility And Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Published In The Journal Of Midwifery &#x26; Women&#x27;s Health</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114856.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Two groundbreaking articles, a study examining women's experiences after infertility and a review of chronic fatigue syndrome in childbearing women, were published in the July/August 2008 issue of the Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health.      Women's Lived Experience of Infertility after Unsuccessful Medical Intervention is authored by M. Patrice McCarthy, RN, CNS, PhD.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114767.php">
<title>Nurse Struck Off For Incompetent Practise, UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114767.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[A 51 year old adult nurse from East Ham, London has been struck off the register following a hearing by the Nursing and Midwifery (NMC's) independent Conduct and Competence Committee panel.   Philomena David was employed as an E grade practise nurse at Plasnet Road Medical Centre, Maidstone between January 2005 and August 2005 when a string of incidents occurred where she failed to demonstrate the standard of knowledge, skill and judgement required to practise without supervision.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114766.php">
<title>Attack On Wife Gets Nurse Struck Off, UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114766.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[A 43 year old registered nurse from Kirkintilloch, Scotland has been struck off the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) register for an assault conviction that left his wife severely injured and his fitness to practise impaired.   George Preston was convicted of assault to severe injury and permanent disfigurement at Glasgow Sheriff and Jury Court in March 2006.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114650.php">
<title>U.S. Medical Associations Fail To Support Women&#x27;s Choice In Home Births, Opinion Piece Says</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114650.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[An American Medical Association resolution stating that "the safest setting for labor, delivery and the immediate postpartum period is in the hospital" or an accredited birth center "falls flat" because of a lack of "credible research" to support the claim, Jennifer Block, author of "Pushed: The Painful Truth About Childbirth and Modern Maternity Care," writes in a ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114658.php">
<title>Joint Commission Alert Finds Doctors Who Bully Nurses Threaten Patient Safety, Calls For Zero Tolerance</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114658.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[  Physicians who use "outbursts and condescending language" to bully nurses can make nurses afraid to question their performance, which can increase risk for medical errors, as well as the cost of care, according to a safety alert issued on Wednesday by the Joint Commission, an independent group that accredits most U.S. hospitals, the ]]></description>
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<title>RCN Responds To England Maternity Report, UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114720.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[The Royal College of Nursing has commented on the Healthcare Commission's Review of Maternity Services in England, stating that women need to have confidence in the health service and receive support of the highest possible standard. The College has also highlighted the issues surrounding staffing in maternity services.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114644.php">
<title>Exploring Communication Across Cultures And Generations - Nursing Conference, University Of Nevada Las Vegas</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114644.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Nurse-to-Nurse: Communication Diversity and Bridging the Gap is a two-day conference for practicing nurses, nurse leaders and educators that will provide a forum for understanding personal communication styles and how they affect cultural and generational interactions.     The conference, scheduled for Sept.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114517.php">
<title>Maternity Services Should Be Priority Say Midwives, UK</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114517.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Commenting on the release recently of the Healthcare Commission Report 'Better Births - A Review of Maternity Services in England', Dame Karlene Davis, general secretary of the Royal College of Midwives, said: "The good news is that many women are happy with the service, and that many Trusts are making great efforts to further improve their maternity care. It is a great shame that the good examples are overshadowed by the bad ones.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114293.php">
<title>&#x27;Nephrology Nurses Week&#x27; To Spotlight Nurses&#x27; Life-Saving Work</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/114293.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[The American Nephrology Nurses' Association (ANNA) has designated September 14-20, 2008, as "Nephrology Nurses Week" to encourage employers, patients and others to thank the nurses who work tirelessly to save kidney patients' lives and improve care.     The event will be celebrated nationwide with activities recognizing and rewarding nephrology nurses, highly-educated specialists who care for patients with kidney disease.]]></description>
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<title>Nursing research and the cults of phenomenology</title>
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<title>Commentary</title>
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<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/272?rss=1">
<title>On the constitution and status of &#x27;evidence&#x27; in the health sciences</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/272?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[AbstractDrawing on the philosophy of Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, this paper interrogates the constitution of &lsquo;evidence' that defines the evidence-based movement in the health sciences. What are the current social and political conditions under which scientific knowledge appears to be &lsquo;true'? Foucault describes these conditions as state &lsquo;science', a regime that privileges economic modes of governance and efficiency. Today, the Cochrane taxonomy and research database is increasingly endorsed by government and public health policy makers. Although this &lsquo;evidence-based' paradigm ostensibly promotes the noble ideal of &lsquo;true knowledge' free from political bias, in reality, this apparent neutrality is dangerous because it masks the methods by which power silently operates to inscribe rigid norms and to ensure political dominance. Through the practice of critique, this paper begins to expose and to politicise the workings of this power, ultimately suggesting that scholars are in a privileged position to oppose such regimes and foremost have the duty to politicise what hides behind the distortion and misrepresentation of &lsquo;evidence'.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/281?rss=1">
<title>On the constitution and status of &#x27;evidence&#x27; in the health sciences</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/281?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/282?rss=1">
<title>Undertaking a systematic review: the road to successful completion</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/282?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[                 Abstract             The systematic review is an important research method that allows for the critical                 analysis of the results from a range of existing studies to answer research                 questions. The findings can be used to inform clinical decisions, as well as the                 development of protocols and guidelines. The aim of this paper is to explore the                 steps involved in undertaking a Cochrane systematic review and to encourage more                 nurses to participate in this world wide collaboration to answer questions that are                 relevant to nursing practice. The first stage of a review involves initiating a                 focussed clinical question in which the patient group or problem is identified as                 are the intervention, comparison and outcome, which will become the focus of study.                 Each review is guided by a protocol that is subject to peer review and followed by a                 structured search of the worldwide literature on the subject. Quality assessment and                 data extraction are done systematically and subject to cross-checking. The results                 are analysed using statistical methods, including meta-analysis. Publication is                 electronic in the Cochrane Library and many will also be published in other                 journals. As with all research, findings should be presented in a way that enables                 the reader to assess whether the review can be applied to their patient.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/299?rss=1">
<title>Undertaking a systematic review: the road to successful completion</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/299?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/311?rss=1">
<title>Ethnomethodological ethnography and its application in nursing</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/311?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[AbstractThis paper examines the use of a qualitative research methodology, ethnomethodological ethnography that has had little application within nursing, whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. This methodology is concerned with describing how members of a social group perceive, define and classify the ways that they perform their daily activities and what meanings they assign to these activities. Ethnomethodological ethnography analyses the everyday methods people use to construct and sustain the typical activities in their cultural world, that is, their &lsquo;sense assembly equipment'. This enables them to act in ways that are congruent with their culturally learnt attitudes. Although this paper focuses on describing ethnomethodological ethnography, examples of its use in a study of nursing practice are provided from a doctoral study that explored the everyday methods military nurses used to rationalise their post-operative pain assessment decisions. From the experiences of this study, it is argued that ethnomethodological ethnography is a valuable methodology for investigating how nurses rationalise their decisions within nursing practice.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/324?rss=1">
<title>Ethnomethodological ethnography and its application in nursing</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/324?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/325?rss=1">
<title>Writing fieldnotes in an ethnographic study of peers - collaborative experiences from the field</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/325?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[AbstractFieldnotes and their processes tend to be implicit endeavours in the nursing and midwifery literature. The opportunity, therefore, to build an understanding of the social practice of this part of the research process is lost. This paper explores fieldnote generation in an ethnographic doctoral study examining the building of research capacity. Ethnographers claim that data is generated collaboratively. In this study, data was collected from two fields of &lsquo;peers'. First data set contained 50&nbsp;h of observation with doctoral research fellows, and the second data set contained 2&nbsp;years diary recording of a nurse working in a national research funding agency. The paper shows that the levels of collaboration in constructing the ethnographic data can depend on the field itself, the stance of the researcher and the willingness of peer participants.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/336?rss=1">
<title>Writing field notes in an ethnographic study of peers - collaborative experiences from the field</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/336?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/338?rss=1">
<title>Searching one&#x27;s self: the autoethnography of a nurse teacher</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/338?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[AbstractThis paper gives an example of the autoethnographic approach to research by examining the life of the author. The account considers her creative identity as a female nurse and life long learner from a white, middle class Northern Irish background. Autoethnography is a relatively new, and controversial, area of research. This paper evaluates the validity of the method with reference to nursing and nurse education. It concludes that autoethnography is a useful research tool, which provides personal insights, which can provide meaning to others. This is particularly true when creative methods of expression are harnessed.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/348?rss=1">
<title>Searching one&#x27;s self: the autoethnography of a nurse teacher</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/348?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/350?rss=1">
<title>Ethical conduct and the nurse ethnographer: consideration of an ethic of care</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/350?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[AbstractDuring an ethnographic study of an Acute Medical Admissions Unit, informed consent was not obtained from some patient informants despite research proposals to various research committees stating that it would. The ethical judgement was made that not to seek informed consent was in the best interests of patients who were very ill or distressed and that to insist on informed consent would have been potentially harmful to these patients. Drawing on my experiences of collecting data whilst holding the dual roles of researcher and nurse, I argue that contextual moral judgements can enhance ethical decisions in the field and further that rigid adherence to formal bio-medical ethical guidance can lead to inappropriate ethical actions. Importantly, the ethnographer must be able to articulate arguments that reflect the contextual nature of ethical decision-making to powerful gatekeepers, such as research committees. If this does not happen then challenges to the dominance of deontological-rationalist ethics will not occur and researchers may be drawn to the use of less ethically demanding data collection methods. Drawing on insights from literature that considers feminist ethics, and in particular the concept of an ethic of care, justification for my ethical conduct whilst in the field is presented.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/362?rss=1">
<title>Ethical conduct and the nurse ethnographer: consideration of an ethic of care</title>
<link>http://jrn.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/13/4/362?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/65?rss=1">
<title>[Purpose and procedure] Purpose and procedure</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/65?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/67?rss=1">
<title>[EBN notebook] Economic evaluation of healthcare technologies using primary research</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/67?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/72?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: venepuncture is less painful than heel lance for blood sampling in neonates</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/72?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/73?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: parenting interventions can reduce unintentional injuries in children and increase use of safety practices</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/73?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/74?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: cranberry products may prevent urinary tract infection in women with recurrent infections</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/74?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/75?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: use of pedometers increases physical activity in adults</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/75?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/76?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Telling smokers their &#x22;lung age&#x22; promoted successful smoking cessation</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/76?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/77?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: behavioural interventions promote tobacco cessation in users of smokeless tobacco</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/77?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/78?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: antibiotics are only slightly more effective than placebo for clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis in adults</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/78?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/79?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Therapeutic Interactive Voice Response enhanced CBT gains in chronic pain</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/79?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/80?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of dietary advice in illness-related malnutrition</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/80?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/81?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Spontaneous awakening trials plus spontaneous breathing trials improved weaning from mechanical ventilation</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/81?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/82?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: prone positioning improved oxygenation on ventilation more than supine positioning in ARDS</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/82?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/83?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Backfill assisted voiding was better than spontaneous voiding for successful bladder emptying after vaginal surgery</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/83?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/84?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: organised stroke unit care reduces mortality more than other forms of care for inpatients</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/84?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/85?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: poor-quality trials suggest that some interventions for family caregivers of patients with stroke improve carer outcomes</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/85?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/86?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Telehome monitoring reduced readmissions and improved quality of life in heart failure or angina</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/86?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/87?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Honey-impregnated dressings and usual care did not differ for healing venous leg ulcers</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/87?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/88?rss=1">
<title>[Treatment] Review: evidence for use of systemic antibiotics and topical antiseptics for venous leg ulcers is insufficient</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/88?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/89?rss=1">
<title>[Diagnosis] Chlamydia Rapid Test was moderately accurate for diagnosing Chlamydia infection in women</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/89?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/90?rss=1">
<title>[Causation] Review: use of cannabis is associated with increased risk of psychotic outcomes later in life</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/90?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/91?rss=1">
<title>[Clinical prediction guide] QRISK underestimated risk of cardiovascular disease in general practice patients; Framingham score overestimated risk</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/91?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/92?rss=1">
<title>[Qualitative] Adolescents learned self-management of arthritis by acquiring knowledge and skills and experiencing understanding from social support</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/92?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/93?rss=1">
<title>[Qualitative] 3 themes described what involvement in treatment decision making meant to patients with diabetes</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/93?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/94?rss=1">
<title>[Qualitative] Women with spinal cord injuries underwent a process of discomfort, moving towards comfort, and comfort in dealing with their changed bodies</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/94?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/95?rss=1">
<title>[Qualitative] A potential barrier to discussing deactivation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators was patients&#x27; lack of knowledge</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/95?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/96?rss=1">
<title>[Qualitative] 3 patterns described the meaning of memory loss within everyday life for people with early Alzheimer disease</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/96?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/97?rss=1">
<title>[Glossary] Glossary</title>
<link>http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/11/3/97?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20294">
<title>Conceptualizing and measuring illness self-concept: A comparison with self-esteem and optimism in predicting fibromyalgia adjustment</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20294</link>
<description><![CDATA[Illness self-concept (ISC), or the extent to which individuals are consumed by their illness, was theoretically described and evaluated with the Illness Self-Concept Scale (ISCS), a new 23-item scale, to predict adjustment in fibromyalgia. To establish convergent and discriminant validity, illness self-concept was compared to self-esteem and optimism in predicting health status, illness intrusiveness, depression, and life satisfaction. The ISCS demonstrated good reliability ([alpha] = .94; test-retest r = .80) and was a strong predictor of outcomes, even after controlling for optimism or self-esteem. The ISCS predicted unique variance in health-related outcomes; optimism and self-esteem did not, providing construct validation. Illness self-concept may play a significant role in coping with fibromyalgia and may prove useful in the evaluation of other chronic illnesses. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20296">
<title>Hitting the bull&#x27;s eye rather than shooting yourself between the eyes</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20296</link>
<description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20295">
<title>Measuring satisfaction with nursing care among hospitalized patients: Refinement of a Spanish version</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20295</link>
<description><![CDATA[This study was designed to improve the psychometrics of English and Spanish measures of hospitalized patients' satisfaction with nursing care. One hundred Spanish-speaking participants in the northeastern and southwestern United States completed a new 20-item Spanish version; 64 of the same participants also completed the English version. Correlations between item pairs (p < .001, r = .56-.96) and total scores of both versions (r = .92, p < .01), and similar factor structures support equivalence of the two versions. Evidence for construct validity is also presented. Results surpass standards for new instruments and support the utility of this much needed, bilingual measure of inpatient satisfaction with nursing care. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20292">
<title>Development and psychometric testing of the nurses&#x27; attitudes toward obesity and obese patients (NATOOPS) scale</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20292</link>
<description><![CDATA[This study was designed to develop and test an instrument to measure nurses' attitudes towards obesity and obese adult patients. Items were based on an earlier version of the instrument, obesity discrimination research, and clinical experience. After content validation of items, the instrument was sent to 1,400 randomly selected Registered Nurses. Factor analysis yielded a 5-factor solution, with 36 items reaching loadings of .4 or greater. Cronbach's alpha was .81 for the reduced scale, with a range of .45 to .79 on the five factors. Construct validity was supported by significant differences between contrast groups on three factors and consistency with underlying theory. Overall the instrument demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and could be used in future research. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20293">
<title>Factors influencing diabetes self-management in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20293</link>
<description><![CDATA[Patients with diabetes must incorporate a complicated regimen of self-management into their daily lives (e.g., taking medication, diet, exercise). Diabetes self-management (DSM) is the cornerstone for controlling diabetes and preventing diabetic complications. The purpose of this study was to test a model describing the effects of individual and environmental factors on DSM in a sample of patients with diabetes in Beijing, China. Survey data were gathered from a convenience sample of 201 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes during outpatient visits. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Model fit indices indicated a good fit to the data. In the final model, belief in treatment effectiveness and diabetes self-efficacy were proximate factors affecting DSM. Knowledge, social support, and provider-patient communication affected self-management indirectly via beliefs and self-efficacy. The findings provide a theoretical basis to direct the development of interventions for improving DSM in Chinese individuals with diabetes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20290">
<title>Meta-analysis of the effects of exercise interventions on functional status in older adults</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20290</link>
<description><![CDATA[A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the impact of exercise interventions on the functional status of older adults. Searches of Medline and CINAHL databases revealed 19 randomized controlled trials reporting 30 interventions (n = 2,201). Fixed- and random-effects models were used to estimate overall mean effect sizes (ESs) for functional and physical performance outcomes and activities of daily living (ADL). Modest but statistically significant ESs were found for functional performance and physical performance but not for ADL. Exercise improved functional and physical performance but the improvement may be insufficient to have an impact on ADL. Further studies are needed to determine exercise's effects on ADL and to identify moderators associated with functional status outcomes in older adults. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20291">
<title>Prevalence of urinary incontinence among community-dwelling adults receiving home care</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20291</link>
<description><![CDATA[We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2005 to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in adults receiving home care. Of the 2,866 patients surveyed, 46% suffered from UI; 6.5% had stress, 16.6% had urge, 9% had mixed, and 17.6% had functional incontinence. No diagnosis regarding type of UI had been established in 50.2%. Factors associated with UI were advanced age, higher body mass index, and impaired mobility. UI is prevalent in older persons receiving home care, but the lack of diagnosis of type of UI in half of the participants surveyed impedes management of UI. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20288">
<title>The under-controlled do it first: Childhood personality and sexual debut</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20288</link>
<description><![CDATA[The relationship of childhood personality type to the timing of first sexual intercourse was investigated through survival analysis. Participants from the Child Sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were categorized into one of the three personality types at 5 or 6 years of age: under-controlled, resilient, and over-controlled. Those categorized as under-controlled at 5 or 6 years of age were more likely than those resilient or over-controlled to have sexual intercourse before the age of 16. The extent to which three early adolescent factors - team/club membership, church attendance, and peer influence - mediate the association of childhood personality type to the timing of first sexual intercourse was also explored. The association of childhood personality to timing of first sexual intercourse was partially mediated by peer influence at 11 or 12 years of age. The findings are interpreted in light of their implications for researchers and practitioners interested in improving the health and well-being of children and adolescents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20289">
<title>A survey of Hong Kong nurses&#x27; perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of research utilization</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20289</link>
<description><![CDATA[A survey of 1,487 nurses was conducted to examine barriers to and facilitators of research utilization. Characteristics of the organization were the greatest barriers to research utilization; the highest ranked of these were inadequate facilities, lack of authority to change practice, lack of time, and lack of cooperation from physicians. The three highest ranked organizational facilitators were managerial support, colleague support, and education to increase nursing knowledge. Age and years of working experience were not significantly correlated with any of the subscales. To integrate the use of research evidence into the culture of various clinical settings, and with the aim of extending evidence-based practice into the private and primary health care sectors in Hong Kong, local organizational barriers and facilitators need to be addressed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20287">
<title>Measuring blood pressure knowledge and self-care behaviors of African Americans</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20287</link>
<description><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to develop and conduct preliminary psychometric assessment of instruments measuring knowledge and self-care practices regarding behaviors needed for blood pressure (BP) control among African Americans. Items were empirically derived and scored on a 7-point, bipolar scale. The instruments were evaluated in a sample of 306 community-dwelling African Americans. Results revealed acceptable reliability and validity of the BP Knowledge Scale. Results for the BP Self-Care Scale were mixed. A structural equation model of these scales, recorded BP, and covariates fit well. There was an unexpected positive correlation between self-care and BP suggesting a potential bi-directional relationship. The scales demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and, with minor revisions, may have clinical utility as measures of BP knowledge and self-care. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20285">
<title>Factors associated with health-related quality of life among low-compliant asthmatic adults in Korea</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20285</link>
<description><![CDATA[This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to identify the factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in low-compliant Korean adults with asthma. The sample consisted of 178 patients referred by a physician to the education clinic at a University hospital in Korea. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that previous hospital admissions, recent asthma-related symptoms within the previous week, lower peak expiratory flow rate, and lower level of asthma knowledge were independently associated with lower HRQoL and accounted for 46% of the total variance. Health care providers should focus on these factors to increase perceptions of HRQoL among low-compliant patients. Interventional strategies need to be developed to emphasize the importance of compliance to the self-monitoring regimen and management protocols. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20283">
<title>A warm footbath before bedtime and sleep in older Taiwanese with sleep disturbance</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20283</link>
<description><![CDATA[A single-group crossover design was used to examine the effects of a warm footbath on body temperatures, distal-proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG), and sleep outcomes in 15 Taiwanese elders with self-reported sleep disturbance. Body temperatures and polysomnography were recorded for three consecutive nights. Participants were assigned randomly to receive a 41°C footbath for 40 minutes before sleep onset on night 2 or night 3. Mean DPG before lights off was significantly elevated on the bathing night. There were no significant differences in sleep outcomes between the two nights. However, when the first two non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep periods were examined, the amount of wakefulness was decreased in the second NREM period on the bathing night. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20284">
<title>Perceived stress in survivors of suicide: Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20284</link>
<description><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of three versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; © American Sociological Association) in adults who had survived the death of a family member or significant other by suicide. Reliability and validity were examined. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess dimensionality of the underlying constructs. All three versions of the PSS demonstrated acceptable reliability. Two shorter versions retained good psychometric properties and demonstrated convergent and concurrent validity with measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms and mental health quality of life. Factor analysis provided further evidence of their usefulness as brief and valid measures of perceived stress in acutely bereaved adult survivors of suicide. In a sub-sample of closely related survivors, the psychometric properties of the 4-item version of the PSS were retained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res. Nurs. Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20286">
<title>Receiving inconclusive genetic test results: An interpretive description of the BRCA1/2 experience</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20286</link>
<description><![CDATA[We examined the experience of 21 women diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer who received inconclusive BRCA1/2 genetic test results. Although these women received similar information on the technical meaning of an inconclusive result, their interpretations of personal risk for a probable, inherited cancer mutation differed. Their interpretations ranged from confidence that they probably carried an undetected gene mutation to believing that their cancer had no genetic basis. Women drew from their personal experience with genetic testing and from distinctive perceptions and beliefs in attempting to understand their test results; they variously drew upon such evidence as observations of similarities and differences within familial breast/ovarian cancer patterns to explain their ultimate conclusions as to their own genetic status. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res. Nurs. Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20281">
<title>A pilot study of self-monitoring urine flow in people with long-term urinary catheters</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20281</link>
<description><![CDATA[Self-monitoring of urine flow may be beneficial in preventing catheter-related problems. An intervention was pilot tested using a single group design with 11 individuals over 6 months. Feasibility of the intervention, performance of new measures (awareness, self-monitoring, and self- management of urine flow), and health outcomes were assessed. The intervention was well received by participants, none of whom withdrew voluntarily from the study. All data were collected at intake, and bimonthly at 2, 4, and 6 months. Nine of 11 participants reported that the intervention had helped them to pay attention to fluid intake. Episodes of UTI decreased over the course of the intervention, with the greatest drop between 2 and 4 months. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20279">
<title>A model testing factors that influence physical activity for Taiwanese adults with anxiety</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20279</link>
<description><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to test a theoretical model of the facilitators and barriers to physical activity for Taiwanese adults with anxiety. Structural equation modeling was used to examine both one-way direct and indirect influences of 11 personal and cognitive-emotional factors on physical activity in this population (N = 239). The final version of the model provided a good fit to the data, with nine variables explaining 23.3% of the variance in physical activity. Perceived life stress events, perceived benefits of activity, and perceived self-efficacy for activity directly influenced physical activity. The results suggest that these variables should be addressed in designing treatment physical activity programs for Taiwanese individuals with anxiety. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res. Nurs. Health]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20277">
<title>Development and psychometric evaluation of an Arab version of the family peer relationship questionnaire</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20277</link>
<description><![CDATA[Little is known about parent and peer relationships in immigrant adolescents due to a dearth of culturally sensitive measures. We adapted the Family Peer Relationship Questionnaire (FPRQ) for Arab immigrant mothers and their adolescents. Mothers and adolescents completed parallel versions of the Arab FPRQ and measures of child behavior problems, child social relations, and maternal depression. Data analyses included confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity. The proposed four-factor structure was replicated in both the mother and child forms. Scores from the Arab FPRQ subscales and the other measures provided evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity, suggesting that the Arab FPRQ is a viable assessment tool. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res. Nurs. Health, 2008]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20282">
<title>Lifestyle physical activity of older rural women</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20282</link>
<description><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to describe and examine the lifestyle physical activity behaviors (household, leisure, occupational) of older rural women. Background characteristics included demographics, environment, social support, and health. Intrapersonal characteristics included motivation and self-efficacy. The majority of the women's energy expenditure was in the household dimension. Social support was positively associated with household activities. A higher level of leisure physical activity was associated with living within the two small cities and reporting lower levels of health and lower motivation. This research highlights the importance of household physical activity and the contribution of social support for household physical activity, both of which may be important in developing interventions to promote physical activity in older rural women. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res. Nurs. Health, 2008]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20278">
<title>&#x22;Distorted into clarity&#x22;: A methodological case study illustrating the paradox of systematic review</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20278</link>
<description><![CDATA[Systematic review is typically viewed in the health sciences as the most objective - that is, rigorous, transparent, and reproducible - method for summarizing the results of research. Yet, recent scholarship has shown systematic review to involve feats of interpretation producing less certain, albeit valuable, results. We found this to be the case when we tried to overcome the resistance to synthesis of a set of qualitative and quantitative findings on stigma in HIV-positive women. These findings were difficult to combine largely because of fuzzy conceptualizations of stigma and the volume of unique quantitative findings. Our encounter with findings resistant to synthesis heightened our awareness of the extent to which all systematic reviews are accomplished by practices that paradoxically "distort [research findings] into clarity." © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20275">
<title>Predictors of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding among first-time mothers</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20275</link>
<description><![CDATA[Few women currently meet revised WHO recommendations to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months postpartum. In this prospective study we aimed to determine the influence of socio-demographic, psychosocial, and perinatal factors on the length of exclusive breastfeeding among 189 Canadian primiparous mothers. A majority of the participants did not meet their exclusive breastfeeding goals, and only 5% breastfed exclusively for a full 6 months. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, in-hospital formula supplementation, prenatal class attendance, and type of delivery independently predicted exclusive breastfeeding duration. Findings underscore the complex interplay of factors influencing breastfeeding, highlight the early postpartum weeks as a critical period for the establishment of exclusive breastfeeding, and suggest the need for a continuum of pre- and postnatal strategies for prolonging the exclusive breastfeeding period. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20271">
<title>Development of an instrument to assess perceived self-efficacy in the parents of infants</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20271</link>
<description><![CDATA[In addition to research applications, the measurement of perceived parental self-efficacy (PPSE) could be useful clinically in screening for parenting difficulties, targeting interventions, and evaluating outcomes. In this research we examined the psychometric properties of the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS), a new 15-item PPSE measure. A no-problem control group and three clinical groups comprising 187 mothers with infants were recruited. The KPCS showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .81), test-retest reliability (r = .88), and discriminant and convergent validity. A cut-off score was determined, and the scale's sensitivity and positive predictive power was 86% and 88%, respectively. The KPCS may prove a useful addition to tools for the assessment of parents and infants presenting to clinical services. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20276">
<title>Is there gender bias in nursing research?</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20276</link>
<description><![CDATA[Using data from a consecutive sample of 259 studies published in four leading nursing research journals in 2005-2006, we examined whether nurse researchers favor females as study participants. On average, 75.3% of study participants were female, and 38% of studies had all-female samples. The bias favoring female participants was statistically significant and persistent. The bias was observed regardless of funding source, methodological features, and other participant and researcher characteristics, with one exception: studies that had male investigators had more sex-balanced samples. When designing studies, nurse researchers need to pay close attention to who will benefit from their research and to whether they are leaving out a specific group about which there is a gap in knowledge. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20274">
<title>Symptoms and physical activity behavior in individuals with multiple sclerosis</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20274</link>
<description><![CDATA[We examined overall and specific symptoms as correlates of physical activity in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Participants (N = 133) completed questionnaires that measured overall symptoms; and specific symptoms of depression, pain, and fatigue; difficulty walking; and physical activity. Initial analyses indicated that higher levels of overall symptoms (r = -.50), fatigue (r = -.26), and difficulty walking (r = -.46) were associated with lower levels of physical activity. Path analysis demonstrated that higher levels of overall symptoms were directly and indirectly associated with lower levels of physical activity; the indirect pathway involved difficulty walking ([gamma][gamma][beta][beta] = -.17). Such findings indicate that walking difficulty may partially explain the negative relationship between overall symptoms and physical activity behavior in MS. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20269">
<title>Analyzing participant produced photographs from an ethnographic study of fatherhood and smoking</title>
<link>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fnur.20269</link>
<description><![CDATA[As part of an ongoing ethnographic study, we examined the photographs and narratives that new fathers produced to ascertain how they created social, psychological, and relational space for continued smoking. A four-part process for analyzing the photographs consisting of preview, review, cross-photo comparison, and theorizing revealed how visual data analyses can be used to develop insights into men's health behaviors and beliefs. There is ongoing epistemological debate and methodological uncertainty about how photographic data should be treated in health sciences research. By conducting formal layered analyses, researchers can expand and extend both what is said about, and interpreted through, photographs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health]]></description>
</item>

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