A variety of medical journals exist for each specialty. A full list of journals indexed by pub med can be found here: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/citmatch_help.html#JournalLists . This long list is organized by specialty, and further into "leading" journals, and "other" journals here: http://www.JournalReview.org

Journal clubs meet to discuss the content of medical journals.

List

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• ACIMED
• Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
• Acta Paediatrics
• American Family Physician
• American Journal of Epidemiology
• American Journal of Medical Genetics
• American Journal of Public Health
• Annals of Emergency Medicine
• Annals of Human Biology
• Annals of Human Genetics
• Annals of Internal Medicine
• Annual Review of Medicine
• Archives of Dermatology
• Archives of Disease in Childhood
• Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery
• Archives of General Psychiatry
• Archives of Internal Medicine
• Archives of Neurology
• Archives of Ophthalmology
• Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
• Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine
• Archives of Surgery
• Asian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Biology of the Neonate
• Biometrika
• Blood
• British Journal of Cancer
• British Journal of Urology
• British Medical Journal
• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
• Calicut Medical Journal
• Canadian Medical Association Journal
• Circulation
• Child Development
• Critical Care Medicine
• Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
• Emergency Medicine Journal
• Endocrinology
• Epidemiology
• European Journal of Endocrinology
• European Journal of Paediatrics
• ''Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies
• Growth, Genetics, and Hormones
• Harefuah
• Hormone Research
• Indian Journal of Medical Sciences (journal home)
• International Journal of Biometeorology
• International Journal of Medical Sciences
• Israel Medical Association Journal
• Journal of the American Medical Association
• JAMA & Archives Continuing Medical Education
• JAMA & Archives For The Media
• JAMA & Archives
• Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
• Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
• Journal of Clinical Investigation
• Journal of Experimental Medicine (journal home)
• Journal of Medical Genetics
• Journal of the National Medical Association (^*)
• Journal of Postgraduate Medicine (journal home)
• Journal of the American Medical Association
• Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
• Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons (formerly the Medical Sentinel, magazine of the conservative Association of American Physicians and Surgeons)
• The Lancet
• Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine
• Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology and Metabolism
• Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology
• Nature Clinical Practice Neurology
• Nature Clinical Practice Oncology
• Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology
• Nature Clinical Practice Urology
• The Journal of Medical Practice Management
• Nature Medicine
• Nature Neuroscience
• Nature Reviews Cancer
• Nature Reviews Immunology
• Nature Reviews Microbiology
• Neuroanatomy is an annual journal of clinical neuroanatomy.
• Neurology India (journal home)
• New England Journal of Medicine
• Paediatrics
• Pediatric Research
• Pediatrics in Review
• PLoS Medicine
• Public Health
• Solapur Medical Journal
• Sports Medicine
• Trends in Molecular Medicine
• Trillium Report

More on [ List of medical journals ]

AIDS Patient Care and STDs - Table of Contents

Development of an Electronic Medical Record-Based Clinical Decision Support Tool to Improve HIV Symptom Management
liebertonline@liebertpub.com (Claudia M. Nader et al) Fri, 19 Jun 2009 12:42:36 -0000
AIDS Patient Care and STDs , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Usefulness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Health-Related Quality of Life of Adult Recipients in Tanzania
liebertonline@liebertpub.com (Mgaywa G.M.D. Magafu et al) Wed, 17 Jun 2009 20:25:25 -0000
AIDS Patient Care and STDs , Vol. 0, No. 0.

American Journal of Epidemiology - current issue

Cover
Wed, 24 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000

Editorial Board
Wed, 24 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000


Chiropractic & Osteopathy - Latest Articles

Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility and postural balance in patients with nontraumatic chronic neck pain - a pilot study
Per PalmgrenDaniel AndreassonMagnus ErikssonAndreas Hagglund Tue, 30 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Background: Although cervical pain is widespread, most victims are only mildly and occasionally affected. A minority, however, suffer chronic pain and/or functional impairments. Although there is abundant literature regarding nontraumatic neck pain, little focuses on diagnostic criteria. During the last decade, research on neck pain has been designed to evaluate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, without noteworthy success. Independent researchers have investigated postural balance and cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility among patients with chronic neck pain, and have (in most cases) concluded the source of the problem is a reduced ability in the neck's proprioceptive system. Here, we investigated cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility and postural balance among patients with nontraumatic chronic neck pain. Methods: Ours was a two-group, observational pilot study of patients with complaints of continuous neck pain during the 3 months prior to recruitment. Thirteen patients with chronic neck pain of nontraumatic origin were recruited from an institutional outpatient clinic. Sixteen healthy persons were recruited as a control group. Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility was assessed by exploring head repositioning accuracy, and postural balance was measured with computerized static posturography. Results: Parameters of cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility were not reduced. However, in one of six test movements (flexion), global repositioning errors were significantly larger in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Measurements did not demonstrate any general impaired postural balance, and varied substantially among participants in both groups. Conclusions: In patients with nontraumatic chronic neck pain, we found statistically significant global repositioning errors in only one of six test movements. In this cohort, we found no evidence of impaired postural balance.Head repositioning accuracy and computerized static posturography are imperfect measures of functional proprioceptive impairments. Validity of (and procedures for using) these instruments demand further investigation.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN96873990
The Nordic Maintenance Care Program - An interview study on the use of maintenance care in a selected group of Danish chiropractors
Lars MollerMichael HansenCharlotte Leboeuf-Yde Wed, 17 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Background: Although maintenance care appears to be relatively commonly used among chiropractors, the indications for its use are incompletely understood. A questionnaire survey was recently carried out among Swedish chiropractors in order to identify their choice of various management strategies, including maintenance care. That study revealed a common pattern of choice of strategies. However, it would be necessary to verify these findings in another study population and to obtain some additional information best collected through an interview.ObjectivesThe main aim of the present study was to attempt to reproduce the findings in the Swedish study and to obtain more information on the use of maintenance care.MethodA group of 11 chiropractors were selected because they used maintenance care. They were interviewed using the questionnaire from the previous Swedish survey. The questionnaire consisted of a simple description of a hypothetical patient with low back pain and nine possible ways in which the case could develop ("scenarios"). They could choose between six different management strategies for each scenario. In addition, the chiropractors were encouraged to provide their own definition of maintenance care in an open-ended question. Interviews were taped, transcribed and analyzed. For the open-ended question, statements were identified relating to six pre hoc defined topics on the inclusion criteria/rationale for maintenance care, the frequency of treatments, and the duration of the maintenance care program. Results: The open-ended question revealed that in patients with low back pain, maintenance care appears to be offered to prevent new events. The rationale was to obtain optimal spinal function. There appears to be no common convention on the frequency of treatments and duration of the treatment program was not mentioned by any of the interviewees. Conclusion: The results from the questionnaire in the Danish survey showed that the response pattern for the nine scenarios was similar to that obtained in the Swedish survey. There seems to be relative agreement between chiropractors working in different countries and sampled through different methods in relation to their choice of management strategies in patients with low back pain. However, more precise information is needed on the indications for maintenance care and its treatment program, before proceeding to studying its clinical validity.

pubmed: 0002-9637

Lack of Evidence of Hepatitis C and HIV Co-Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Peru.
Lama JR, Lucchetti A, Cabezas C, Suarez-Ognio L, Related Articles Lack of Evidence of Hepatitis C and HIV Co-Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Jul;81(1):184-6 Authors: Lama JR, Lucchetti A, Cabezas C, Suarez-Ognio L, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) because of shared routes of transmission. To assess the association between HCV and HIV infection among MSM in Peru, we conducted a matched case-control study (162 HIV-positive cases and 324 HIV-negative controls) among participants of an HIV sentinel surveillance survey in six urban cities. The HCV infection was initially screened using anti-HCV ELISA and immunoblot assay, and thereafter confirmed by the HCV RNA qualitative assay. Among cases, no confirmed HCV infection was found while among controls, only two confirmed HCV infections were reported (0.62%). This matched case-control reports a very low probability of association between HCV and HIV co-infection and suggests a very low prevalence of HCV infection among MSM in Peru. PMID: 19556587 [PubMed - in process]
Seasonality of influenza in the tropics: a distinct pattern in northeastern Brazil.
Moura FE, Perdigão AC, Siqueira MM Related Articles Seasonality of influenza in the tropics: a distinct pattern in northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Jul;81(1):180-3 Authors: Moura FE, Perdigão AC, Siqueira MM Influenza epidemics occur worldwide annually. The incidence of influenza shows a seasonal pattern in temperate areas, but little is known about influenza seasonality in tropical regions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the seasonal pattern of influenza infections in children living in the city of Fortaleza in northeastern Brazil. An indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children attending in ambulatories, emergency rooms, and wards of the Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin with suspicion of acute respiratory infection during 7 consecutive years (2001-2007). Influenza viruses were detected in 6.3% (234/3,708) of specimens. Laboratory-based surveillance data showed a clear annual epidemic cycle of influenza, with a peak usually occurring in the rainy periods. In Fortaleza, flu infections occurred at a low level throughout the year but exhibit a marked seasonal increase during the rainy season. PMID: 19556586 [PubMed - in process]

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials - Latest Articles

Antifungal treatment for invasive Candida infections: a mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis
Edward MillsDan PerriCurtis CooperJean NachegaPing WuImad TleyjehPeter Phillips Fri, 26 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Objectives: Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of mortality among patients at risk. Treatment guidelines vary on optimal treatment strategies. We aimed to determine the effects of different antifungal therapies on global response rates, mortality and safety. Methods: We searched independently and in duplicate 10 electronic databases from inception to May 2009. We selected any randomized trial assessing established antifungal therapies for confirmed cases of invasive candidiasis among predominantly adult populations. We performed a meta-analysis and then conducted a Bayesian mixed treatment comparison to differentiate treatment effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses included dosage forms of amphotericin B and fluconazole compared to other azoles. Results: Our analysis included 11 studies enrolling a total of 965 patients. For our primary analysis of global response rates, we pooled 7 trials comparing azoles to amphotericin B, Relative Risk [RR] 0.86 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.77-0.96, P=0.007, I2=43%, P=0.09. We also pooled 2 trials of echinocandins versus amphotericin B and found a pooled RR of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.99-1.23, P=0.08). One study compared anidulafungin to fluconazole and yielded a RR of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.06-1.51) in favor of anidulafungin. We pooled 7 trials assessing azoles versus amphotericin B for all-cause mortality, resulting in a pooled RR of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.74-1.05, P=0.17, I2=0%, P=0.96). Echinocandins versus amphotericin (2 trials) for all-cause mortality resulted in a pooled RR of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84-1.20, P=0.93). Anidulafungin versus fluconazole resulted in a RR of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.48-1.10, P=0.34). Our mixed treatment comparison analysis found similar within-class effects across all interventions. Adverse event profiles differed, with amphotericin B exhibiting larger adverse event effects. Conclusions: Treatment options appear to offer preferential effects on response rates and mortality. When mycologic data are available, therapy should be tailored.
Hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) in Italy
Floriana CampanileDafne BongiornoSonia BorboneStefania Stefani Wed, 24 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000
The aim of our study was to trace the dynamic changes of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) lineages in Italy, comparing the genotypic backgrounds of contemporary isolates over a period of 17 years, with those of a sample of early MRSA strains from 1980.In total, 301 non-repetitive MRSA clinical isolates, recovered from 19 Italian hospitals between 1990 and 2007 were selected and analyzed for their antibiotic resistance, typed by PFGE and SCCmec, grouped into clonal-types and further characterized using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). A sample of fifteen early MRSA strains from 1980 was also used for comparison.The most interesting feature was the recent increase of ST228-MRSA-I (formerly the Italian clone; PFGE E) over the period 2000-2007 (57%), when compared to the period 1990-1999 (29%), and its stability to date, associated with a decrease of the highly epidemic ST247-MRSA-IA (formerly the Iberian clone; PFGE A), (23% from 1990 to 1999, 6% from 2000 to 2007). ST1-MRSA-I (1 out of 2 strains carrying ccrA2B2), ST8-MRSA-I (4 strains), ST15-MRSA-I (1 out of 4 carrying ccrA2B2) and ST30-MRSA-I (2 out of 5 carrying no ccrAB-types and ccrC) were the predominant earliest STs among the MRSA strains in 1980.A temporal shift in the susceptibility levels to glycopeptides was observed: strains with vancomycin MIC of [greater than or equal to] 2 mg/L increased from 19.4% to 35.5%.In conclusion, we describe the alternation of MRSA clones that occurred in hospitals from 1990 to 2007 and the increase of the glycopeptide MIC levels, reflecting a worldwide trend. We document the detection of ST1, ST8, ST15 and ST30 in the 1980 isolates; we hypothesize their possible latency and their appearance as the current CA-MRSA clones.

pubmed: 1359-6535

Prolonged exposure to tenofovir monotherapy 1 month after treatment discontinuation because of tenofovir-related renal failure.
Ter Heine R, Huitema AD, Jansen RS, Smits PH, van Gorp EC, Wagenaar JF, Beijnen JH, Mulder JW Related Articles Prolonged exposure to tenofovir monotherapy 1 month after treatment discontinuation because of tenofovir-related renal failure. Antivir Ther. 2009;14(2):299-301 Authors: Ter Heine R, Huitema AD, Jansen RS, Smits PH, van Gorp EC, Wagenaar JF, Beijnen JH, Mulder JW In this study, we present a case of renal failure in a patient who was on a tenofovir-containing regimen, resulting in extremely high tenofovir exposure and prolonged tenofovir monotherapy. We considered this case report important because exposure to tenofovir monotherapy might have consequences for future discontinuation strategies in cases of renal failure. PMID: 19430105 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Evolution of drug resistance after virological failure of a first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in Uganda.
Reynolds SJ, Kityo C, Mbamanya F, Dewar R, Ssali F, Quinn TC, Mugyenyi P, Dybul M Related Articles Evolution of drug resistance after virological failure of a first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in Uganda. Antivir Ther. 2009;14(2):293-7 Authors: Reynolds SJ, Kityo C, Mbamanya F, Dewar R, Ssali F, Quinn TC, Mugyenyi P, Dybul M BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the extent of viral resistance over time among non-clade B HIV type-1-infected patients in Uganda who were maintained on first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) following virological failure. METHODS: Genotyping was performed on 16 patients with virological failure who were enrolled in an open-label randomized clinical trial of short-cycle treatment interruption. RESULTS: All patients receiving efavirenz-containing HAART had > or =1 efavirenz resistance mutation develop during follow-up. The majority (13/15, 86%) developed lamivudine resistance during follow-up, but no thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) developed during a median duration of virological failure of 325.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Genotype resistance to both efavirenz and lamivudine developed early during the course of treatment after virological failure. TAMs did not emerge early despite moderate exposure time to thymidine analogues during virological failure. PMID: 19430104 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

BMC Infectious Diseases - Latest Articles

Use of a T cell interferon gamma release assay in the investigation for suspected active tuberculosis in a low prevalence area
Niclas WinqvistPer BjorkmanAnn NorenHakan Miorner Fri, 03 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Background: In settings with low background prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection, interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) could be useful for diagnosing active TB. This study aims to evaluate the performance of QuantiFERON(R)-TB Gold (QFT-G) in the investigation for suspected active TB, with particular attention to patients originating in high-incidence countries. Furthermore, factors associated with QFT-G results in patients with active TB were assessed. Methods: From patients investigated for clinically suspected active TB, blood was obtained for QFT-G testing, in addition to routine investigations. Positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values for QFT-G were calculated, comparing patients with confirmed TB and those with other final diagnoses. QFT-G results in TB patients originating from countries with intermediate or high TB incidence were compared with QFT-G results from a control group of recently arrived asymptomatic immigrants from high-incidence countries. Factors associated with QFT-G outcome in patients with confirmed TB were assessed. Results: Among 141 patients, 41/70 (58.6%) with confirmed TB had a positive QFT-G test, compared to 16/71 (22.6%) patients with other final diagnoses, resulting in overall PPV of 71.9% and NPV of 67.6%. For patients with pulmonary disease, PPV and NPV were 61.1% and 67.7%, respectively, and 90.5% and 66.7% for subjects with extrapulmonary manifestations. Comparing patients from high-incidence countries with controls yielded a PPV for active TB of 76.7%, and a NPV of 82.7%. Patients with confirmed TB and positive QFT-G results were characterized by a lower median peripheral white blood cell count (5.9E9/L vs. 8.8E9/L; P<0.001) and a higher median body mass index (22.7 vs. 20.7; P=0.043) as compared to QFT-G-negative TB patients. Conclusions: The overall PPV and NPV of QFT-G for identifying active TB were unsatisfactory, especially for pulmonary disease. Thus, the usefulness of QFT-G for this purpose is questionable. However, a high PPV was observed for extrapulmonary TB and QFT-G might be considered in the diagnostic process in this situation. The PPV and NPV for identifying active TB among persons originating from regions with high-and intermediate TB incidence was similar to that observed in subjects originating in the low-incidence region.
Role of pathogenic oral flora in postoperative pneumonia following brain surgery
Kinga BagyiAngela HaczkuIldiko MartonJudit SzaboAttila GasparMelinda AndrasiImre VargaJudit TothAlmos Klekner Mon, 29 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Background: Post-operative pulmonary infection often appears to result from aspiration of pathogens colonizing the oral cavity. It was hypothesized that impaired periodontal status and pathogenic oral bacteria significantly contribute to development of aspiration pneumonia following neurosurgical operations. Further, the prophylactic effects of a single dose preoperative cefazolin on the oral bacteria were investigated. Methods: A matched cohort of 18 patients without postoperative lung complications was compared to 5 patients who developed pneumonia within 48 hours after brain surgery. Patients waiting for elective operation of a single brain tumor underwent dental examination and saliva collection before surgery. Bacteria from saliva cultures were isolated and periodontal disease was scored according to type and severity. Patients received 15 mg/kg cefazolin intravenously at the beginning of surgery. Serum, saliva and bronchial secretion were collected promptly after the operation. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefazolin regarding the isolated bacteria were determined. The actual antibiotic concentrations in serum, saliva and bronchial secretion were measured by capillary electrophoresis upon completion of surgery. Bacteria were isolated again from the sputum of postoperative pneumonia patients. Results: The number and severity of coexisting periodontal diseases were significantly greater in patients with postoperative pneumonia in comparison to the control group (p=0.031 and p=0.002, respectively). The relative risk of developing postoperative pneumonia in high periodontal score patients was 3.5 greater than in patients who had low periodontal score (p<0.0001). Cefazolin concentration in saliva and bronchial secretion remained below detectable levels in every patient. Conclusions: Presence of multiple periodontal diseases and pathogenic bacteria in the saliva are important predisposing factors of postoperative aspiration pneumonia in patients after brain surgery. The low penetration rate of cefazolin into the saliva indicates that its prophylactic administration may not be sufficient to prevent postoperative aspiration pneumonia. Our study suggests that dental examination may be warranted in order to identify patients at high risk of developing postoperative respiratory infections.

Current Opinion in HIV & AIDS - Current Table Of Contents

Editorial introductions.
Page: viiDOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328325d7b5
Targeting a host element as a strategy to block HIV replication: is it nice to fool with Mother Nature?.
Page: 79DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e3283207b07Authors: Lederman, Michael M a; Este, Jose b

Epidemiologic Reviews - current issue

The Burden of Mental Disorders
Eaton, W. W., Martins, S. S., Nestadt, G., Bienvenu, O. J., Clarke, D., Alexandre, P. Wed, 29 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0000
In the last decade, there has been an increase in interest in the burden of chronic and disabling health conditions that are not necessarily fatal, such as the mental disorders. This review systematically summarizes data on the burden associated with 11 major mental disorders of adults. The measures of burden include estimates of prevalence, mortality associated with the disorders, disabilities and impairments related to the disorders, and costs. This review expands the range of mental disorders considered in a report on the global burden of disease, updates the literature, presents information on the range and depth of sources of information on burden, and adds estimates of costs. The purpose is to provide an accessible guide to the burden of mental disorders, especially for researchers and policy makers who may not be familiar with this subfield of epidemiology.
Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Jalbert, J. J., Daiello, L. A., Lapane, K. L. Wed, 29 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Dementia of the Alzheimer type is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative condition characterized by deterioration in cognition and memory, progressive impairment in the ability to carry out activities of daily living, and a number of neuropsychiatric symptoms. This narrative review summarizes the literature regarding descriptive epidemiology, clinical course, and characteristic neuropathological changes of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Although there are no definitive imaging or laboratory tests, except for brain biopsy, for diagnosis, brief screening instruments and neuropsychiatric test batteries used to assess the disease are discussed. Insufficient evidence exists for the use of biomarkers in clinical practice for diagnosis or disease management, but promising discoveries are summarized. Optimal treatment requires both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions, yet none have been shown to modify the disease's clinical course. This review describes the current available options and summarizes promising new avenues for treatment. Issues related to the care of persons with dementia of the Alzheimer type, including caregiver burden, long-term care, and the proliferation of dementia special care units, are discussed. Although advances have been made, more research is needed to address the gaps in our understanding of the disease.

Epidemiology and Infection - Current Issue

Volume 137 Issue 08
Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 -0000
Epidemiology and Infection, Volume 137 Issue 08 Increased frequency in 2007 - now 8 issues per year! Epidemiology and Infection publishes original reports and reviews on all aspects of infection in humans and animals. Particular emphasis is given to the epidemiology, prevention and control of infectious diseases. The field covered is broad and includes the zoonoses, tropical infections, food hygiene, vaccine studies, statistics and the clinical, social and public-health aspects of infectious disease. Papers covering microbiology and immunology which have an epidemiological relevance are part of this broad field. Papers come from medical and veterinary scientists worldwide. It has become the key periodical in which to find the latest reports on recently discovered infections and new technology. For those concerned with policy and planning for the control of infections, the papers on mathematical modelling of epidemics caused by historical, current and emergent infections, will be of particular value. To celebrate 100 years of the journal, a series of important papers has been selected and each, together with a modern commentary on the paper by an expert, will be published on-line. This journal has now moved over to electronic submission, using the Scholar One system. Click here to go to the submission website. Guidance on how to upload your manuscript is available on the site by clicking "User Tutorials". Online manuscript submission (now) available, please go to http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/cup/hyg
HYG volume 137 issue 8 Cover and Front matter
Miscellaneous Epidemiology and Infection, Volume 137 Issue 08 , pp f1-f2Abstract

Filaria Journal - Latest Articles

Contribution of migrant coffee labourers infected with Onchocerca volvulus to the maintenance of the microfilarial reservoir in an ivermectin-treated area of Mexico.
Mario Rodriguez-PerezAldo Segura-CabreraCristian Lizarazo-OrtegaMaria-Gloria BasanezJohn Davies Tue, 18 Dec 2007 00:00:00 -0000
Background: Since 1991, in Mexico, ivermectin has been administered twice a year to all residents in the onchocerciasis endemic foci which are mainly located in the coffee growing areas. However, the presence of a potentially infected itinerant seasonal labour force which is not treated regularly could jeopardise the attainment of the 85% coverage which is the present target for elimination of the disease. Methods: The prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae (mf), as well as their transmission from humans to vectors, were assessed during the coffee planting-clearing and harvesting seasons of 1997–1998, and 1998–1999 in two localities (I and II) of Southern Chiapas, Mexico, which regularly receive an influx of untreated migrant coffee labourers. Results: Localities I and II had, respectively, an average of 391 (± 32) and 358 (± 14) resident inhabitants, and 70 (± 52) and 498 (± 289) temporary labourers. The ratio of migrants to residents ranged from 0.1:1 in locality I to 2.4:1 in locality II. The proportion of infected Simulium ochraceum s.l. parous flies was significantly lower in locality I than in locality II, and significantly higher during the stay of the migrants than before their arrival or after their departure. Parity and infection were higher in May-July than in November-February (in contrast with the latter being typically considered as the peak onchocerciasis transmission season by S. ochraceum s.l.). Conclusion: The presence of significant numbers of untreated and potentially infected migrants may contribute to ongoing transmission, and their incorporation into ivermectin programmes should be beneficial for the attainment of the elimination goals of the regional initiative. However, the possibility that the results also reflect transmission patterns for the area cannot be excluded and these should be analyzed further.
Epidemiology and psycho-social aspects Of onchocercal skin diseases in northeastern Nigeria
Ikem OkoyeCelestine Onwuliri Mon, 03 Dec 2007 00:00:00 -0000
Background: Observations were made on the prevalence of onchocerciasis and Onchocercal Skin Diseases (OSD); frequency of occurrence and anatomical distribution of OSD in the Hawal River Valley, an established onchocerciasis endemic focus in north-eastern Nigeria. Methods: Symptoms of OSD were diagnosed in 5 844 subjects using Rapid Assessment Method (RAM) while 1 479 of the subjects chosen from alternate households had their skin biopsies examined for active microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. Also, Focal Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted at the Health District levels. Results: O. volvulus was recorded in (19.0%) and OSD in (43.8%) of the subjects. The Mantel-Haenszel test for linear association showed a close agreement between onchocerciasis prevalence and the rate of OSD (χ2 = 3.93; p < 0.05). The various forms of OSD occurred in the order: CPOD (17.7%), APOD (9.9%), DPM (9.0%), LOD (7.0%) and ATR (3.1%). The overall frequency of occurrence of various symptoms of OSD on different anatomical locations showed the locations in descending order of occurrence as lower limbs (24.6%), upper limbs (21.3%), buttocks (19.9%), shoulder & neck (19.1%), abdomen and trunk (11.3%), backside (10.6), and 'other' sites (7.5%). The Focal Group Discussion (FGD) revealed the most worrisome consequences of OSD as social isolation of victims (31.3%), shame and low self esteem (22.7%) and high cost of medication (15.6%). Conclusion: It is recommended that Onchocerciasis control programmes in the Hawal River Valley and any other focus with high incidence of OSD should incorporate an aspect that would address the anxiety and depression caused by various OSD lesions since they carry lots of psycho-social implications. This would increase acceptance and compliance of the target population. The classification criteria of onchocerciasis endemicity should be based on either or both of the O. volvulus and onchocercal skin disease burden of any community and no longer on O. volvulus parasitic infection rate alone.

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease - Table of Contents

Kinetics of Phage-Mediated Biocontrol of Bacteria
liebertonline@liebertpub.com (Stephen T. Abedon) Thu, 21 May 2009 13:08:07 -0000
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Impacts of Individual Animal Response to Heat and Handling Stresses on Escherichia coli and E. coli O157:H7 Fecal Shedding by Feedlot Cattle
liebertonline@liebertpub.com (Tami M. Brown-Brandl et al) Thu, 21 May 2009 13:04:14 -0000
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0.

pubmed: 0019-9567

Toxoplasma gondii cyclophilin 18-mediated production of nitric oxide induces bradyzoite conversion in a CCR5-dependent manner.
Ibrahim HM, Bannai H, Xuan X, Nishikawa Y Related Articles Toxoplasma gondii cyclophilin 18-mediated production of nitric oxide induces bradyzoite conversion in a CCR5-dependent manner. Infect Immun. 2009 Jun 29; Authors: Ibrahim HM, Bannai H, Xuan X, Nishikawa Y Toxoplasma gondii modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to regulate parasite multiplication and host survival. Pressure from the immune response causes the conversion of tachyzoites to slowly dividing bradyzoites. The regulatory mechanisms involved in this switch are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory role of T. gondii cyclophilin18 (TgCyp18) in macrophages and the consequences of the cellular responses on the conversion machinery. The recombinant TgCyp18 induced the production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-12 and TNF-alpha through its binding with cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and the production of IFN-gamma and IL-6 in a CCR5-independent manner. Interestingly, treatment of macrophages with TgCyp18 resulted in the inhibition of parasite growth and enhancement of the conversion into bradyzoites via NO in a CCR5-dependent manner. In conclusion, T. gondii possesses sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate host-cell responses in a TgCyp18-mediated process. PMID: 19564392 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Roles of RseB, {sigma}E, and DegP in virulence and phase variation of colony morphotype of Vibrio vulnificus.
Brown RN, Gulig PA Related Articles Roles of RseB, {sigma}E, and DegP in virulence and phase variation of colony morphotype of Vibrio vulnificus. Infect Immun. 2009 Jun 29; Authors: Brown RN, Gulig PA Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium capable of causing serious and often fatal wound infection and primary septicemia. We used alkaline phosphatase insertion mutagenesis to identify genes necessary for virulence of this pathogen. One mutant had an in-frame fusion of 'phoA to the gene encoding RseB, a periplasmic negative regulator of the alternative sigma factor sigma(E). sigma(E) controls an extensive regulon involved in responding to cell envelope stresses. Colonies of the rseB mutant were less opaque than wild-type and underwent phase variation between translucent and opaque morphologies. rseB mutants were attenuated for virulence in subcutaneously inoculated iron dextran-treated mice. To gain insight into the role of rseB and the extracytoplasmic stress response in V. vulnificus, defined mutations in rseB and two important members of the extracytoplasmic stress regulon, rpoE and degP, were constructed for analysis of virulence, colony morphology, and stress-associated phenotypes. Deletion of rseB caused a reversible phase variation in colony morphotype that was associated with extracellular polysaccharides. Translucent and transparent morphotype strains were attenuated for virulence. Deletion mutants for rpoE and degP were sensitive to membrane-perturbing agents and heat but were not significantly attenuated for virulence of V. vulnificus in mice. These results reveal complex relationships between regulation of the extracytoplasmic stress response, exopolysaccharides, and virulence of V. vulnificus. PMID: 19564391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Latest Issue of International Journal of Medical Microbiology

Editorial - ETOX turned twenty
Sebo P.
Pathogenomics of mobile genetic elements of toxigenic bacteria
Hacker J.Hochhut B.Middendorf B.Schneider G.Buchrieser C.Gottschalk G.Dobrindt U.

pubmed: 0804-4643

Influence of prematurity and growth restriction on the adipokine profile, IGF-I and ghrelin levels in cord blood. Relationship with glucose metabolism.
Martos G, Barrios V, Saenz de Pipaon M, Pozo J, Dorronsoro I, Martinez-Biarge M, Quero J, Argente J Related Articles Influence of prematurity and growth restriction on the adipokine profile, IGF-I and ghrelin levels in cord blood. Relationship with glucose metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Jun 26; Authors: Martos G, Barrios V, Saenz de Pipaon M, Pozo J, Dorronsoro I, Martinez-Biarge M, Quero J, Argente J Objective: To determine the influence of gestational age and fetal growth restriction on the cord blood adipokine profile, IGF-I and ghrelin levels, and their relationship with glucose metabolism. Study design: One hundred and ninety newborns (99 preterm and 91 full term) were studied and, according to their anthropometry at birth, classified as small (SGA) or adequate for gestational age (AGA). Methods: Venous cord blood serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), adiponectin, resistin, leptin, leptin soluble receptor (sOB-R), tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), total ghrelin and acylated ghrelin were determined and compared between preterm and full term, as well as between SGA and AGA, newborns. Correlations with newborn weight, gestational age and HOMA index, as an index of insulin resistance, were determined. Results: Preterm newborns had higher HOMA, sOB-R, resistin and IL-6 and lower IGF-I, IGFBP-3, leptin and adiponectin levels than full term newborns. SGA had lower IGF-I, IGFBP-3, leptin, IL-6 and adiponectin and higher sOB-R and total ghrelin than AGA newborns. Adiponectin and HOMA showed independent positive and negative correlations with gestational age, respectively, but not with neonatal weight. Birth weight was correlated positively with IGF-I and leptin levels and negatively with total ghrelin ones. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the lack of proper acquisition of adipose tissue by the fetus either due to prematurity or to fetal growth restriction is associated with changes in the cord blood adipokine profile that may contribute to the impairment of glucose metabolism. PMID: 19561044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Restricted thyroglobulin antibody epitope specificities in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Okosieme O, Wijeyaratne C, Lazarus J, Premawardhana L Related Articles Restricted thyroglobulin antibody epitope specificities in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Jun 26; Authors: Okosieme O, Wijeyaratne C, Lazarus J, Premawardhana L Objectives: Following iodisation in Sri Lanka we observed a high prevalence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients. The clinical significance of these TgAbs is uncertain. We sought to obtain a detailed epitope analysis of TgAbs in T1DM patients recruited from diabetes clinics and to compare these with TgAb epitope specificities in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and healthy individuals in that country. Design and methods: We used a panel of 10 thyroglobulin monoclonal antibodies (Tg-Mabs) in competitive ELISA reactions in a prospective study of subjects recruited from Colombo, to determine the epitopes recognised by TgAb-positive patients with T1DM (n=58, 34F:24M, median age 16 years), AITD patients (n=42, 33F:9M, median age 37 years) and healthy subjects (n=50, 39F:11M, median age 27 years). The outcomes were a comparison of reactivity with 6 Tg clusters (I-VI) in these subjects, and the relation of epitope specificity patterns with free thyroxine (FT4) and TSH. Results: Patients with T1DM and AITD but not healthy control subjects preferentially recognised the immunodominant clusters, I, III and IV. Patients with these narrow epitope specificities had higher median TSH levels (1.60 vs 1.06; P=0.01), and were more frequently positive for TPOAb than those with broad specificities (52.3% vs 7.1%; P=0.004). Conclusions: The TgAb epitope specificities in euthyroid Sri Lankans with T1DM are similar to AITD patients. TgAb epitope studies may potentially identify type 1 diabetic patients at risk of thyroid dysfunction. PMID: 19561043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

ScienceDirect Publication: Women's Health Issues

Editorial Board
Sun, 17 May 2009 19:30:27 -0000
Publication year: 2009Source: Women's Health Issues, Volume 19, Issue 3, May-June 2009, Page iii[No author name available]
Predicting Pregnancy from Pregnancy
Sun, 17 May 2009 19:30:27 -0000
Publication year: 2009Source: Women's Health Issues, Volume 19, Issue 3, May-June 2009, Pages 159-166Cynthia H., Chuang , Carol S., Weisman , Marianne M., Hillemeier , Fabian T., Camacho , Anne-Marie, Dyer Objective: We examined whether adult women's intention for future pregnancy predicted actual pregnancies occurring in a 2-year follow-up study. Methods: Data are from the Central Pennsylvania Women's Health Study population-based longitudinal survey of women ages 18–45 (n = 1,420). The analytic sample consists of 889 nonpregnant women who had reproductive capacity. Intention for future pregnancy was ascertained at baseline, and women were re-interviewed 2 years later to document interval pregnancies. The impact of pregnancy intention on subsequent pregnancy was analyzed using multiple logistic regression adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: At baseline, 46% of women were considering a future pregnancy. One hundred thirty-seven women became pregnant...

Future Medicine: Women's Health: Table of Contents

Stroke-risk perception in women: getting the message out
info@futuremedicine.com (Louise D McCullough et al) Fri, 24 Apr 2009 15:04:20 -0000
Women's Health , May 2009, Vol. 5, No. 3, Pages 225-228.
Image-guided robotic interventions for breast biopsy and ablative therapies: challenges and opportunities
info@futuremedicine.com (Jaydev P Desai et al) Fri, 24 Apr 2009 15:04:27 -0000
Women's Health , May 2009, Vol. 5, No. 3, Pages 229-233.

Archives of Women's Mental Health

Depressive and anxiety symptoms through late pregnancy and the first year post birth: an examination of prospective relationships
Tue, 30 Jun 2009 15:44:12 -0000
Abstract  One hundred and fifty-nine women were measured for depressive and anxiety symptoms from late pregnancy through to 12 months postpartum. Partial correlations revealed stability of depressive and anxiety symptoms across time. Depressive symptoms did not predict anxiety at any time point. Anxiety predicted increases in depressive symptoms from late pregnancy to early postpartum, but not from early postpartum to mid postpartum. Anxiety predicted depressive symptoms from mid postpartum to late postpartum, however, not when social support in late pregnancy was controlled for. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionDOI 10.1007/s00737-009-0086-1Authors Karen M. Moss, La Trobe University School of Psychological Science Bundoora Victoria 3086 AustraliaHelen Skouteris, Deakin University School of Psychology Burwood Victoria 3125 AustraliaEleanor H. Wertheim, La Trobe University School of Psychological Science Bundoora Victoria 3086 AustraliaSusan J. Paxton, La Trobe University School of Psychological Science Bundoora Victoria 3086 AustraliaJeannette Milgrom, University of Melbourne School of Behavioural Science Melbourne Victoria Australia Journal Archives of Women's Mental HealthOnline ISSN 1435-1102Print ISSN 1434-1816
PTSD and postpartum mental health in a sample of Caucasian, Asian, and Pacific Islander women
Tue, 30 Jun 2009 15:44:11 -0000
Abstract  To better understand the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in postpartum health, this study investigates the relationship of PTSD and associated perinatal behavioral risk factors in a sample of Caucasian, Asian, and Pacific Islander women. As part of a larger longitudinal study, 54 women (18–35 years of age) were interviewed at their postpartum clinic visit for PTSD, anxiety, depression, and alcohol and substance use. PTSD and subclinical PTSD during the postpartum period were associated with behavioral health risks, with PTSD at the onset of pregnancy being a predictor of postpartum PTSD by a factor of three. Women with PTSD and subclinical PTSD were more likely to also experience stress (73%), anxiety (64%), and depression (73%) during the postpartum period compared to those without PTSD. No significant differences were found by ethnicity for postpartum PTSD, depression, or anxiety. Regardless of ethnicity or PTSD status, one in four women in the sample had a probable mental health disorder or risk behavior of some type during the postpartum period. Given the rates of associated mental health risks with PTSD, these findings suggest further research examining the fluctuations of PTSD symptomatology throughout each pregnancy trimester to determine its role as a potential mediator during the perinatal period. Further research is also needed to elucidate the role of ethnic or cultural differences in trauma and PTSD and perinatal health. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionDOI 10.1007/s00737-009-0087-0Authors Jane M. Onoye, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USADeborah Goebert, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USALeslie Morland, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USACourtenay Matsu, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USATricia Wright, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA Journal Archives of Women's Mental HealthOnline ISSN 1435-1102Print ISSN 1434-1816

BMC Women's Health - Latest Articles

Effects of multiparity and prolonged breast-feeding on maternal bone mineral density: a community-based cross-sectional study
Janaka LenoraSarath LekamwasamMagnus Karlsson Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Background: Studies conducted in Western countries have shown that bone loss associated with pregnancy and breast-feeding is recovered after weaning. However, it is not clear whether recovery takes place after repeated pregnancies followed by prolonged periods of breast-feeding; especially in developing countries where nutritional intake is comparatively low.This study was designed to examine the effects of multiparity and prolonged breast-feeding on maternal bone mineral density (BMD) in a community-based sample of 210 Sri Lankan women, aged between 46 and 98 years. Methods: BMD of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Reproductive history was recorded by using a questionnaire. Women were, first, divided into groups according to parity (nulliparous, 1-2, 3-4, and 5 or more children), and BMDs in different groups were compared, initially unadjusted and then adjusted for age. Same subjects were subdivided, again, according to the total duration of breast-feeding (0, 1-48, 49-96, and 97 months or more) and similar analysis was carried out. Results: Women who had 5 or more children and women who had breast-fed for 97 months or more were older than the other women (p<0.01) but no differences in height, weight or BMI were observed among the groups. Age adjusted BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck of the women grouped according to parity were not significantly different. Neither was there any difference between lumbar spine or femoral neck age adjusted BMDs in groups based on duration of breast-feeding. Conclusions: From this population-based study conducted in a developing country, we infer that history of multiparity or prolonged breast-feeding has no detrimental effects on maternal BMD in post-menopausal age.
Satisfaction and compliance in hormonal contraception: the result of a multicentre clinical study on women's experience with the ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin contraceptive patch in Italy
Pier Giorgio CrosignaniCarmine NappiSalvatore RonsiniVincenzina BruniSilvia MarelliDavide SonninoItalian EVRA Contrast Study Group Tue, 30 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Background: For many women finding the right contraceptive method can be challenging and consistent and correct use over a lifetime is difficult. Even remembering to take a birth control pill every day can be a challenge. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate women's experience with a weekly ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin contraceptive patch (EE/NGMN patch), given new technologies recently developed in hormonal contraception to increase women's options in avoiding daily dosing. Methods: In 24 Italian sites, 207 women received the EE/NGMN patch for up to 6 cycles. At study end, overall satisfaction and preference, as well as compliance, efficacy and safety, were evaluated. Results: 175 women (84.5%) completed the study. The overall satisfaction rate was 88%; convenience and once-a-week frequency of the patch were especially appreciated. At baseline, 82 women (39.4%) were using a contraceptive method, mainly oral contraceptives and barrier methods, but only 45.1% were very satisfied/satisfied; after 6 months with the patch, 86.3% of this subset was very satisfied/satisfied. Considering the method used in the 3 months before the study entry, 78.1% strongly preferred/preferred the patch, for convenience (53.9%), ease of use/simplicity (28.9%), fewer (9.2%) and less severe (2.6%) side effects. Compliance was very high: 1034/1110 cycles (93.2%) were completed with perfect compliance and the mean subject's compliance score was 90%. One on-therapy pregnancy occurred. The patch was safe and well tolerated: adverse events frequency was low, with predominantly single reports of each event. Most of them started and subsided during cycle 1. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the EE/NGMN patch is associated with high satisfaction levels and excellent compliance. At study end, the majority of women indicated that they would continue using the patch.

pubmed: 0003-4819

Rethinking Randomized Clinical Trials for Comparative Effectiveness Research: The Need for Transformational Change.
Luce BR, Kramer JM, Goodman SN, Connor J, Tunis S, Whicher D, Schwartz JS Related Articles Rethinking Randomized Clinical Trials for Comparative Effectiveness Research: The Need for Transformational Change. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Jun 30; Authors: Luce BR, Kramer JM, Goodman SN, Connor J, Tunis S, Whicher D, Schwartz JS PMID: 19567619 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Report From the Institute of Medicine.
Sox HC, Greenfield S Related Articles Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Report From the Institute of Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Jun 30; Authors: Sox HC, Greenfield S PMID: 19567618 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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