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Civil rights are the protections and privileges of personal liberty given to all citizens by law. Civil rights are distinguished from "human rights" or "natural rights"—civil rights are rights that are bestowed by nations on those within their territorial boundaries, while natural or human rights are rights that many scholars claim ought to belong to all people. For example, the philosopher John Locke (1632–1704) argued that the natural rights of life, liberty and property should be converted into civil rights and protected by the sovereign state as an aspect of the social contract. Others have argued that people acquire rights as an inalienable gift from the deity or at a time of nature before governments were formed.
Laws guaranteeing civil rights may be written, derived from custom or implied. In the United States and most continental European countries, civil rights laws are most often written. In the United States, for example, laws protecting civil rights appear in the Constitution, in the amendments to the Constitution (particularly the 13th and 14th Amendments), in federal statutes, in state constitutions and statutes and even in the ordinances of counties and cities. In the United Kingdom, on the other hand, such rights are frequently granted by custom and are not memorialized in written law. "Implied" rights are rights that a court may find to exist even though not expressly guaranteed by written law or custom, on the theory that a written or customary right must necessarily include the implied right. One famous (and controversial) example of a right implied from the U.S. Constitution is the "right to privacy", which the U.S. Supreme Court found to exist in the 1965 case of Griswold v. Connecticut. In the 1973 case of Roe v. Wade, the Court found that state legislation prohibiting or limiting abortion violated this right to privacy.
State governments can expand civil rights beyond the U.S. Constitution, but they cannot diminish Constitutional rights. For example, some American cities make it illegal to discriminate against persons on the basis of their sexual orientation, thus expanding the civil rights of homosexuals; however, cities which create school districts in such a way that the districts discriminate against students on the basis of their race will have injunctions entered against them by the federal courts. States frequently grant civil rights in excess of federal law, such as Article 21 of the Maryland Constitution, which requires that a jury be unanimous in order to convict a person of a crime.
More on [ Civil rights ]
#Muslim civil rights orgs say discrimination persists in CA. What's your experience? Ever been profiled? http://bit.ly/76Fcwc
KPCC (89.3 KPCC, 89.1 KUOR) Tue, 15 Dec 2009 23:05:02 -0000
#Muslim civil rights orgs say discrimination persists in CA. What's your experience? Ever been profiled? http://bit.ly/76Fcwc
#Lieberman, can't believe he was a civil rights activist in the 60s, maybe he is just old and comfortable I hope I don't evolve to that.
digitalrinaldo (Rinaldo) Tue, 15 Dec 2009 23:04:36 -0000
#Lieberman, can't believe he was a civil rights activist in the 60s, maybe he is just old and comfortable I hope I don't evolve to that.
RT @OxyConservative: Wingnuts think minorities should not get special treatment. Basic civil rights count as special treatment #tcot
Hater4real (Silky Johnson) Tue, 15 Dec 2009 22:53:44 -0000
RT @OxyConservative: Wingnuts think minorities should not get special treatment. Basic civil rights count as special treatment #tcot
Wingnuts think minorities should not get special treatment. Basic civil rights count as special treatment #tcot
OxyConservative (Oxy Conservative) Tue, 15 Dec 2009 22:53:30 -0000
Wingnuts think minorities should not get special treatment. Basic civil rights count as special treatment #tcot
Good thing it isn't up to me,otherwise everyone might have to enjoy the same civil rights without retribution.And that
RedHeadedWoman7 (Suze Brown) Tue, 15 Dec 2009 22:48:40 -0000
Good thing it isn't up to me,otherwise everyone might have to enjoy the same civil rights without retribution.And that
#omgfacts Samuel Tilden elected Prez USA-his election stolen by 1 vote thanks to Dems in SC-cut deal w/Repub 2 keep slaves from Civil rights
nikkio (Nikki O) Tue, 15 Dec 2009 22:48:05 -0000
#omgfacts Samuel Tilden elected Prez USA-his election stolen by 1 vote thanks to Dems in SC-cut deal w/Repub 2 keep slaves from Civil rights
Autism National Committee - Autism advocacy organization dedicated to 'Social Justice for All Citizens with Autism' through a shared vision and a commitment to positive approaches.
Meta Description: [ Autism advocacy organization dedicated to 'Social Justice for All Citizens with Autism' through a shared vision and a commitment to positive approaches. ]
Autism-Europe Paper - Appeal to the European Union to ensure the rights of all people, including the most vulnerable.
Children Injured by Restraints and Aversives (CIBRA) - An organization founded by two families whose young autistic children were severely traumatized in well known programs of discrete trial and behavior modification (ABA); we are an integral part of the fast growing civil rights movement in the autism community.
Credo for Support - Of people with disabilities.
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