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Attachment disorder is based on the psychological theories that

  1. normal mother-child attachment forms in the first two years of life; and
  2. if a normal attachment is not formed during the first two to three years, attachment can be induced later.
This theory is used, for example, to explain the behavioral difficulties of adopted children.

Attachment theory was developed by John Bowlby in the 1940s and 1950s and is the leading theory used in the fields of Infant Mental Health, Child Development, and related fields. It is a well researched theory that describes how the attachment relationship develops, why it is crucial to later healthy development, and what are the effects of early maltreatment or other disruptions in this process.

Attachment therapy is a broad term that covers a multitude of interventions. It is a term that has lost utility since it is used to cover so many interventions. Reputable approaches to treatment based on theory and research evidence include Theraplay, Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy. However, the use of coercive interventions has no basis in theory and is not supported by any reputable professional organization, including The Association for The Treatment and Training in the Attachment of Children, APSAC, APA, NASW, or AMA. Neither Theraplay nor Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy use coercive interventions and are in full compliance with the above referenced standards.

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Bonding and Attachment in Maltreated Children - Consequences of Emotional Neglect in Childhood. Developed by the ChildTrauma Academy, this booklet is devised to assist parents, caregivers, teachers and various professionals working with maltreated and traumatized children. By Bruce D. Perry, M.D., Ph.D.

Child Development - Evergreen, Colorado. Nonprofit treatment center for children with attachment disorder. Find basic information on the disorder, a description of clinical services available, including a training institute. Purchase books and tapes.
Meta Description: [ The Institute for Attachment & Child Development is a licensed and non profit, internationally recognized treatment & training center for Attachment Disorder since 1972 ]

Alaska Attachment and Bonding Associates - A non-profit Wasilla, Alaska association providing advocacy through education for youth with attachment disorder. Find membership information, legislative issues, and a description of the organization's platform.

Association for Treatment and Training in the Attachment of Children - ATTACh is an international coalition of parents and professional involved with children who have attachment difficulties. The organization is dedicated in promoting the identification of attachment issues, and effective interventions and treatments.
Meta Description: [ Association for Treatment and Training in the Attachment of Children.

ATTACh of Central Texas - Local affiliate of the national ATTACh. Includes a schedule of workshops and instructions for arranging specialized attachment training.
Meta Description: [ A private outpatient facility that provides psychotherapy treatment. ]

Attach-China - Provided by a mother whose child is healing from attachment disorder. Includes articles on attachment issues and suggestions for parenting children with detachment issues.

Attachment and Bonding Center of Ohio - Cleveland, Ohio. Assessment and treatment of child-parent bonding problems. Training for parents. Special emphasis on adoptive families.
Meta Description: [ Treating attachment disorder and other mental health issues. ]

Attachment Disorder Help: Dianne C. Kuchlak, MSS, LSW - An Exton, Pennsylvania psychotherapist and adoptive parent specializing in attachment therapy. Includes a description of services available.
Meta Description: [ Help and hope for families living with attachment disorder. Dianne C. Kuchlak provides excellent services and information regarding attachment disorder. ]

Attachment Disorder Network - A national support group serving children and families affected by the disorder and related issues. Includes newsletter, live chat and explanatory articles. Based in Overland Park, Kansas, USA.

Attachment Disorder Site - Provides information and support to persons dealing with attachment disorder and the many related problems that these children face. Also includes information on parenting, treatment, and school issues.
Meta Description: [ Offers information, support, and hope for those who care for children with attachment disorder. ]

Beatitude House - An Evergreen, Colorado ministry offering help to Christian adoptive families who are struggling with relationship difficulties.
Meta Description: [ Outpatient therapy for families dealing with attachment disorder and relationship difficulties. A Christian perspective toward attachment healing and counseling. ]

Bridge to Understanding - Includes information on how to help an attachment disordered child including wilderness camps and residential treatment centers.
Meta Description: [ MMA combines economical Java Servlet hosting accounts with advanced, scalable server technologies like Servlets, Java Server Pages (JSP), Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) and XML. ]

Cascade Center for Family Growth - Long standing treatment facility specializing in attachment disorder. Located in North Orem, Utah.
Meta Description: [ Offering attachment disorder treatment and information. ]

Center For Family Development - A Williamsville, New York center for the treatment of reactive attachment disorder, offering two week intensives, and evaluations for adopted and foster children.
Meta Description: [ Attachment Disorder Center evaluating and treating adopted and foster children and teens with reactive attachment disorder and adoption related issues. We treat US and Internationally adopted children. ]

Child Trauma Academy - A not-for-profit organization based in Houston, Texas. The mission of the Academy is to help improve the lives of traumatized and maltreated children and their families. Educational and research material is available on site.

Daniel A. Hughes, Ph.D. - South China, Maine trauma/attachment therapist who trains professionals and parents to work with attachment disordered children. Find a description of his treatment and parenting model, a schedule of training sessions, and a description of his books.
Meta Description: [ Dan is a trauma/attachment therapist who trains professionals and parents to work with these special children. ]

Diane Feinberg, M.Ed. - Attachment Therapy Specialist - Treatment and training for reactive attachment disorder through corrective attachment therapy. Find a description of services, including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
Meta Description: [ Treatment and Training for Reactive Attachment Disorder through corrective attachment therapy. Specializing in working with child abuse, trauma, and family therapy. ]

Dr. Ronald S. Federici - An author and a developmental neuropsychologist, based in Alexandria, Virginia and specializing in the treatment of children with attachment disorder, including international adoptees.
Meta Description: [ Neuropsychological and Family Therapy Associates under the Directorship of Board Certified Dr. Ronald Federici (father to seven internationally adopted children) maintains an international reputation in the assessment and treatment of the most complicated childhood developmental and neuropsychiat... ]

Evergreen Consultants In Human Behavior - An Evergreen, Colorado center for the treatment of attachment disorder. Find a description of the disorder, including a symptom checklist, and articles on the subject. Purchase informational videos and books, or download an application packet.
Meta Description: [ Evergreen Consultants goal is to provide high quality treatment for the healing of attachment disordered children and their families. ]

Evergreen Psychotherapy Center: Attachment Treatment and Training Institute - Evergreen, Colorado center for the treatment of children with attachment disorder as well as the training of parents and therapists concerned with the disorder. Purchase books and tapes, or find a schedule of training seminars. Download an application.
Meta Description: [ Treatment and Training for Reactive Attachment Disorder through corrective attachment therapy, specializing in child abuse and adopted children. ]

Family Attachment Center of Minnesota - A Deephaven, Minnesota center for the treatment of attachment issues. Includes a description of the therapies and programs available, and find information about placement evaluations and parenting techniques.

Fighting to be a Family - A narrative of one family's struggle with attachment disorder, by Lilly W. Heyen.

Forest Cottage Centre - Resources, information newsletters and teleclasses dealing with attachment disorder. Fort St. John, British Columbia.
Meta Description: [ Personal, group counselor and coach for children & parents of youths with attachment disorders, defiant behavioural problems, special needs children. Adoptive parenting advice & info from BC, Canada. ]

Heal The Hearts Foundation - Advocate group that provides the public with information, parents with support, resources, and scholarships for reactive attachment disorder therapy.

Hope to Tell - Informative links and a personal story of one family who has a little girl with attachment disorder.

500 Hudson Valley Family Attachments - Florida, New York. Counseling, support and advocacy services for adoptive, foster and kinship families, specializing in attachment disorders and PTSD.
Meta Description: [ We are adoption competent professionals who provide clinical, educational, support and advocacy services to adoptive, foster and kinship families. Experienced with attachment disorder therapy and PTSD therapy. ]

Institute for Children and Families - Areas of expertise at the West Chester, Pennsylvania institute are reactive attachment disorder, PTSD, ADHD, adoption issues, pediatric trauma and sexual abuse, childhood anxiety and depression.
Meta Description: [ We provide counseling and therapy to children and their families suffering from the effects of severe emotional traumas. Offices in Lancaster and West Chester, PA. ]

Kansas ATTACh - Providing information on treatment, resources, and parenting.
Meta Description: [ Family centered mental health treatment, education and support specializing in services for attachment problems in children. ]

Kuddle Kids - Information and techniques that help in the day to day parenting of children with attachment disorder. Includes techniques to facilitate attachment and bonding.

Lennon and Associates, P.C. - Clinical psychological treatment center for children between the ages of 5-17 with behavioral and attachment disorders. Describes the facilities, staff, and services. Located in Carmel, Indiana.

Martha G. Welch Center for Family Treatment - A Stamford, Connecticut center using regulatory bonding therapy used as a treatment for children with attachment disorder. Find a description of services available, as well as forum areas for parents and therapists.
Meta Description: [ Attachment disorder and other regulatory disorders treated at the Martha G. Welch Center. ]

Michigan Attachment Coalition - Resource group providing treatment, education and training for adoptive families and attachment professionals.

Missing Out On Early Attachments: The Long-term Effects, Part 1 - Article describes the importance of early attachment and the effects of damaged attachments.

Missing Out On Early Attachments: The Longterm Effects, Part 2 - Article describes the importance of early attachment and the effects of damaged attachments.

Nancy Thomas Parenting - Non-profit organization offering information, resources, and help for those working with or parenting emotionally disturbed children suffering from attachment disorder. Find a schedule of seminars and training sessions, or purchase a book.
Meta Description: [ Offers informational products, resources, and hope for those who care for children with attachment disorder. ]

RAD-UK - Register your child, and help create the only database of children with reactive attachment disorder in the United Kingdom.
Meta Description: [ Register on this web site if your child has reactive attachment disorder. Help create the only UK database for children with attachment disorder. ]

RadKid.Org: Reactive Attachment Disorder - Find information, ideas, and support for parents and caregivers of children with detachment disorder. Includes a support forum and a resource directory for childhood behavioral issues.
Meta Description: [ Provides information, ideas, tips, and support for parents of children with reactive attachment disorder and other detachment issues. ]

Reactive Attachment Disorder - It's Time To Understand - A self-guided primer for the understanding and treatment of attachment disorder, with speaker's notes.
Meta Description: [ A self-guided primer for the understanding and treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder, with speaker's notes. ]

St. Louis Attachment Network - Information and support for families and professionals regarding the promotion of healthy bonding and attachment. Find a meeting schedule for the St. Louis, Missouri area, as well as a list of speakers and topics.
Meta Description: [ on-going education, information and support to families and professionals to promote and facilitate healthy bonding and attachment in adoptive and foster care infants, young children, and adolescents ]

The Attachment and Bonding Center of PA - With clinical offices in Warminster, Pennsylvania, offers therapy services, support and information on the subject of reactive attachment disorder.
Meta Description: [ Offers attachment therapy and information related to attachment disorder. ]

The Attachment Center West - A Santa Ana, California center providing professional support and treatment for children with reactive attachment disorder. Find information about attachment, a schedule of events, and directions to the facility.

The Attachment Disorder Site Webring - This ring includes sites that have information and/or support for those dealing with attachment disorder.
Meta Description: [ This ring includes sites that have information and/or support for those dealing with Attachment Disorder. ]

The Attachment Disorder Support Group (ADSG) - Promoting the education and understanding of reactive attachment disorder and providing support to those parents tasked with the journey of raising children with special needs.
Meta Description: [ You will find some of the best resources available for help in understanding and treating attachment disorder! ]

The Little Prince - Articles, resources, and links to therapists and treatment programs.
Meta Description: [ A mother's story of Reactive Attachment Disorder. A real life success story with poetry that will tug at your heartstrings. ]

The Love and Logic Institute, Inc. - Offers parenting strategies that can be utilized with children with attachment disorder. Purchase books, or find a schedule of seminars.
Meta Description: [ Love and Logic is a way for Parents and Educators to take back control while at the same time teaching kids to be responsible, think for themselves, and be prepared for the real world. ]

The PA Attachment Disorder Support Group - Find a schedule of meetings for support groups meeting in West Chester and Fort Washington, Pennsylvania. Also includes information about common signs, causes, and therapy for the disorder.
Meta Description: [ Offers information and support for those who care for children with attachment disorder. ]

Trauma and Attachment - Symptoms and causes of attachment disorder.

404 Treatment of Attachment Disorder by Joanne May, Eden Prairie - Treatment approach including EMDR.

Villa Santa Maria - Cedar Crest, New Mexico. Residential community specializing in the clinical treatment of children and families of children who are suffering from attachment disorders.
Meta Description: [ a residential community specializing in the clinical treatment of children and families of children who are suffering from attachment disorders, nestled in the high desert of the Sandia Mountains, just fifteen minutes from Albuquerque. ]

Wat Nu? - Belgian group for parents of children with reactive attachment disorder, including basic information about the disorder in multiple languages.

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