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<title>Urologist Needed Immediately in Ohio :: Ohio :: LocumTenens.com</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_ohio/page_17.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[Urologist Needed Immediately in Ohio  Come enjoy this suburban Ohio city and all of its various activities.   We are looking for a Urologist to start immediately for ongoing coverage. Providers must be ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_1.html">
<title>Outer Western Boston subs :: Massachusetts :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[Urologist-Eastern Massachusetts Our salary range is $318,000 to $387,000; Currently seeking a Urologist for an employed position outer Western Boston subs.  The call will be mon-thur. cover your own call, ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_new_york/page_8.html">
<title>Eastern NY-60 miles NYC :: New York :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_new_york/page_8.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ One of the top medical groups in the Nation   Eastern New York, about one hour to NYC,  just over the PA and NJ borders, this MSG with EMR is ranked as one of the top groups in the Northeast with the ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_michigan/page_4.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Michigan :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_michigan/page_4.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[A practice is looking for a board certified or board eligible Urologist for a permanent opportunity in central Michigan. This regional health system services communities throughout Michigan with a commitment ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_texas/page_4.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Texas :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_texas/page_4.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[A well established practice south of Tyler, Texas is looking for a Urologist. The ideal physician will be Board Certified, but a physician that is Board Eligible will be considered as long as their board ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_california/page_2.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: California :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_california/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[A well established private practice specializing in adult male and female urology is looking for a permanent physician to start in December of 2008. A generous compensation and benefits package will be ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_washington/page_1.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Washington :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_washington/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[A hospital sponsored private practice is looking for a permanent Urologist to begin in December of 2008. Call sharing will be arranged. Very generous income guarantee, relocation, sign on bonus and more. ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_nevada/page_2.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Nevada :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_nevada/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[You will be seeing 25 patients per day in an office setting. If procedures and office consults are scheduled on the same day, your patient load will be split. Your skill set must include all standard ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_ohio/page_2.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Ohio :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_ohio/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[A group located in the suburbs of Dayton, Ohio is looking for an additional Board Certified or Board Eligible Urologist. The physician will be working an average of 36 hours per week, Monday through Friday ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_texas/page_3.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Texas :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_texas/page_3.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[You have the option of starting up a new private practice or discussing employment starting in December of 2008. Practice option offers full financial support including income guarantee, practice expense ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_texas/page_1.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Texas :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_texas/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[A hospital sponsored private practice is looking for a permanent Urologist to begin in December of 2008. Call sharing will be arranged. Very generous income guarantee, relocation, sign on bonus and more. ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_ohio/page_1.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Ohio :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_ohio/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[Permanent Urology Opportunity in Ohio. A facility is seeking a Board Certified or Board Eligible Urologist to join an existing 2-person department. Competitive starting salary, a short track to Shareholder ]]></description>
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<title>NW  New York :: New York :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_new_york/page_12.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[North West NY Excellent opportunity to work in private practice with benefits of hospital support. Single Specialty group close to hospital is looking to add urologist. Ist year salary guarantee 350k-400k ]]></description>
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<title>Southeastern :: Massachusetts :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_5.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Group Urologist need for Cape Cod  Urologist- Cape Cod region--We invite team oriented, motivated physicians to a hospital employed position.   We offer an opportunity to work and live along the seashore ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_2.html">
<title>Bridgewater :: Massachusetts :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[South of Boston- currently conducting a search for a Board Certified Urologist to join another Urologist within  ancillary care services.  This is a busy & growing area of specialty care within  new & ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_pennsylvania/page_20.html">
<title>Pittsburg :: Pennsylvania :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_pennsylvania/page_20.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ This is a very lucrative practice with first year income potential over $500K.  Join a 26 year old, well established, private practice with 2 physicians, 1 PA and an NP.  They have three offices, two ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_maine/page_5.html">
<title>Belfast :: Maine :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_maine/page_5.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[Coastal ME-25k in relocation & Great benefits!! Community hospital located on the coast of Maine looking for general Urologist. Employed position with income guarantee of 300k+ to start (option to be ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_16.html">
<title>Hyannis :: Massachusetts :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_16.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[Southeastern Massachusetts-Cape Cod -Urology Group -  practice includes 4 physicians and 1 physician assistant; 4 cystoscopy suites; 2 ultrasound rooms; chemistry lab; 8 exam rooms; recently opened pathology ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_maine/page_4.html">
<title>Bangor :: Maine :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_maine/page_4.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Urologist Maine-- Hospital employed (or start-up employment sharing office with private practicing doctor) share office with 1-2 other urologists, community call for both hospitals can be worked out ]]></description>
</item>

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<title>South :: North Carolina :: Intelligent Placement Solutions, Inc</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/all_urology_jobs_in_north_carolina/page_6.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[Opportunity to join an existing physician, go solo or be employed by the hospital. You can join the existing physician in his office, or we can set you up in your own office. The current urologist is ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170113.php">
<title>Kidney Function Decline Increases Risk Of Heart Failure And Premature Death</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170113.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Declining kidney function is linked to a higher risk of heart failure, heart attack, peripheral arterial disease, and early death in individuals with or without kidney disease, according to a pair of studies appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society Nephrology (JASN). The findings indicate that poor kidney function may raise an individual's risk for cardiovascular complications.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170129.php">
<title>Key Player Identified In Cascade That Leads To Hypertension-Related Kidney Damage</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170129.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[A key player in a cascade that likely begins with stress and leads to high blood pressure and kidney damage has been identified by researchers who say the finding may lead to better ways to control both.    Medical College of Georgia researchers have found endothelin, a powerful blood vessel constrictor and inflammatory peptide, increases the number of T cells in the kidneys, which helps recruit other immune cells, causing inflammation and destruction.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170048.php">
<title>Small Increases In Phosphorus Mean Higher Risk Of Heart Disease</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170048.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Higher levels of phosphorus in the blood are linked to increased calcification of the coronary arteries a key marker of heart disease risk, according to a study in an upcoming issue of Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN). "This may help to explain why even early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk that is not otherwise explained by traditional risk factors," comments Katherine R.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170050.php">
<title>Polycystins: Proteins That Regulate The Cellular Barometer</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170050.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[What is the role of proteins called polycystins in patients with polycystic kidney disease? A team of researchers from CNRS and INSERM, led by Eric Honore from the Institut de Pharmacologie MolÃ©culaire et Cellulaire (IPMC, Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis/CNRS) has elucidated the molecular and cellular mechanisms linked to polycystin malfunctions that cause this common hereditary disease.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170051.php">
<title>Does Prostate-specific Antigen Velocity Help In Early Detection Prostate Cancer?</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170051.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[The November issue of European Urology, the official journal of the European Association of Urology, features an article focussing on prostate specific antigen (PSA) velocity and early cancer detection. It has been suggested that changes in PSA over time aid prostate cancer detection.     It is argued that a rapidly rising PSA may indicate a greater risk of diagnosis of prostate cancer even if PSA levels are low.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169986.php">
<title>Promedior Announces Publication Of Preclinical Studies In Science Translational Medicine Demonstrating That HSAP Inhibits Kidney Fibrosis</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169986.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Promedior, Inc., a leader in the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of fibrotic diseases and tissue remodeling, announced today the publication of results from preclinical studies demonstrating that human Serum Amyloid P (hSAP) potently inhibited fibrosis in two independent model systems of kidney fibrosis.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169843.php">
<title>New Class Of Molecules May Help Prevent Fatal Complication In Patients With Kidney Disease</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169843.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have made an important discovery about why potassium builds up to dangerous levels in the bloodstream, a relatively common medical problem that affects about eight percent of hospitalized patients. They have identified a new molecular pathway and a new class of molecules responsible for preventing potassium from being excreted normally through the kidney. Their study was just published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169858.php">
<title>Predictive Biosciences Announces Publication Of Results From A Pilot Study Of Its Non-Invasive Assay To Monitor Patients For Bladder Cancer</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169858.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Predictive Biosciences Inc. today announced the publication of pilot study results in the November issue of the Journal of Urology, highlighting the Company's novel urinary biomarker approach to bladder cancer detection that achieves exceptionally high Negative and Positive Predictive Values (NPV and PPV).]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169824.php">
<title>What Is Enuresis? What Is Nocturnal Bedwetting?</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169824.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[  Bedwetting is a common childhood condition. It occurs when there is an accidental loss of urine during sleep. Bedwetting is also known as nocturnal enuresis or nighttime incontinence. It is normal in children who are under five years old. At this age, nighttime bladder control may not be established.     Bedwetting is the most common pediatric-health issue. Studies show that parents become worried too quickly because they expect children to stay dry too early.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169638.php">
<title>In Prostate Cancer Patients Proton Therapy Is Well-Tolerated</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169638.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Proton beam therapy can be safely delivered to men with prostate cancer and has minimal urinary and rectal side effects, according to a study presented November 2, 2009, at the American Society for Radiation Oncology's 51st Annual Meeting in Chicago.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169641.php">
<title>Prostate Cancer Recurrences Reduced By Adding Proton Therapy &#x22;Boost&#x22; To X-Ray Radiation Therapy</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169641.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Men who receive a "boost" of proton therapy after receiving a standard course of X-ray radiation therapy have fewer recurrences of their prostate cancer compared to men who did not receive the extra dose of proton radiation, according to a first-of-its-kind study presented November 2, 2009, at the American Society for Radiation Oncology's 51st Annual Meeting in Chicago.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169554.php">
<title>Amylin Pharmaceuticals And Eli Lilly And Company Statement On FDA&#x27;s BYETTA(R) (Exenatide) Injection Update</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169554.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., (Nasdaq: AMLN) and Eli Lilly and Company (NYSE: LLY) issued the following statement in response to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) update on BYETTA® (exenatide) injection.    "The FDA update issued today aligns with the BYETTA label approved last week. The current label reflects our understanding of post-marketing reports of renal events and provides physicians with updated guidance about appropriate use in patients with renal conditions.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169562.php">
<title>Quark Pharmaceuticals To Present Data On Its SiRNA Therapeutic Programs In Kidney And Lung Diseases</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169562.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Quark Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company committed to discovering, developing and commercializing novel RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics, today announced that James D. Thompson, Ph.D.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169504.php">
<title>Affymax And Takeda Announce Preliminary Phase 2 Data Demonstrated That Hematide&#x2122; Increased Hemoglobin In Dialysis Patients</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169504.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Affymax, Inc. (Nasdaq:AFFY) and Takeda Pharmaceutical Global Research & Development Center, Inc., announced data from multiple clinical and preclinical studies evaluating Hematide, including preliminary results of a Phase 2 trial which demonstrated that Hematide increased hemoglobin levels in a group of anemic hemodialysis (HD) patients.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169507.php">
<title>BSD Medical Reports Hyperthermia Therapy Contributes To Improved Survival Rate For Bladder Cancer Patients</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169507.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[BSD Medical Corporation (NASDAQ:BSDM) announced that published study results demonstrated improvement in overall survival, tumor response rates, and local tumor control from the addition of hyperthermia therapy, delivered using the BSD-2000 Hyperthermia System, to the standard treatment regimen for 45 patients with high-risk bladder cancer.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169472.php">
<title>Very Low Body Fat Linked To Increased Risk Of Death For Dialysis Patients</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169472.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Dialysis patients with low body fat are at increased risk of death - even compared to patients at the highest level of body fat percentage, according to research presented at the American Society of Nephrology's 42nd Annual Meeting and Scientific Exposition in San Diego.    "Our study indicates that body fat may be protective in dialysis patients," comments Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, PhD (LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA).]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169473.php">
<title>Study Indicates Primary Care Physicians Need More Education Around Diagnosing Chronic Kidney Disease</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169473.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Woman are at particular risk of their primary care physicians delaying diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), according to a paper presented at the American Society of Nephrology's 42nd Annual Meeting and Scientific Exposition in San Diego, California. The findings suggest that educating practitioners about CKD could increase the timely diagnosis of CKD, thereby leading to improvements in care to patients and savings in Medicare dollars.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169474.php">
<title>Can Charcoal Fight Heart Disease In Kidney Patients?</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169474.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Charcoal may provide a new approach to managing the high rate of heart disease in patients with advanced kidney disease, according to preliminary research presented at the American Society of Nephrology's 42nd Annual Meeting and Scientific Exposition in San Diego, CA.    Patients with advanced kidney disease have high rates of atherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries") and death from heart disease.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169475.php">
<title>Following Kidney Transport, Switching Immunosuppressants Reduces Cancer Risk</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169475.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Switching to a newer type of immunosuppressant drug may reduce the high rate of skin cancer after kidney transplantation, according to research presented at the American Society of Nephrology's 42nd Annual Meeting and Scientific Exposition in San Diego, CA.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169476.php">
<title>The Cost Of Improving Dialysis Care</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169476.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Improving survival among dialysis patients may increase treatment costs significantly, according to a paper presented at the American Society of Nephrology's 42nd Annual Meeting and Scientific Exposition in San Diego, CA. The authors created models of a 100 patient dialysis treatment center and a program with 7,500 hemodialysis patients (the approximate number of such patients in the Province of Ontario, Canada).]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169477.php">
<title>Study Shows Diets High In Sodium And Artificially Sweetened Soda Linked To Kidney Function Decline</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169477.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[Individuals who consume a diet high in sodium or artificially sweetened drinks are more likely to experience a decline in kidney function, according to two papers presented at the American Society of Nephrology's annual meeting in San Diego, California.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169440.php">
<title>Erlotinib Has Moderate Single-agent Activity In Chemotherapy-na&#xC3;&#xAF;ve Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Final Results Of A Phase II Trial</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169440.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[UroToday.com - This was an open label single institution study that looked at the activity and toxicity of single agent erlotinib in patients with CRPC who have not received chemotherapy yet.  The mechanisms by which prostate cancer becomes castration resistant are variable and multiple.  One hypothesis is that the overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) allows for downstream cell signaling causing cancer cell growth and proliferation.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169451.php">
<title>Kidney Transplant Survival Possibly Impacted By Race Of Donor</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169451.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[The race of kidney donors may affect the survival rates of transplant recipients according to a study by Henry Ford Hospital.    "We found that transplant between races had better outcomes than transplant across races," says Anita Patel, M.D., transplant nephrologist at Henry Ford Hospital Transplant Institute and lead author of the study.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169405.php">
<title>Evaluating Patient Learning After An Educational Program For Women With Incontinence And Pelvic Organ Prolapse</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169405.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[UroToday.com - Pelvic floor disorders such as incontinence and prolapse are common bothersome conditions that can be initially and successfully addressed with conservative patient-initiated methods such as pelvic floor muscle and bladder retraining exercises.  Women need to be well informed regarding these treatment options.  Unfortunately, previous research shows that many women do not have the necessary knowledge to initiate treatments for optimal pelvic floor health.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169408.php">
<title>Safety And Immunological Efficacy Of A DNA Vaccine Encoding Prostatic Acid Phosphatase In Patients With Stage D0 Prostate Cancer</title>
<link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169408.php</link>
<description><![CDATA[UroToday.com - In the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Dr. Douglas McNeel and associates report a phase I/IIa trial of a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in patients with stage D0 prostate cancer (CaP).  PAP is a prostate tumor antigen that can elicit an immunologic antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response.  The vaccine, pTVG-HP, is a plasmid DNA encoding the full length human PAP cDNA downstream of a eukaryotic promoter.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/15">
<title> Donor site morbidity in oral mucosa graft urethroplasty: implications of tobacco consumption</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/15</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the donor site morbidity in patients who have undergone oral mucosa graft urethroplasty for stricture of the urethra. The impact of smoking and oral consumption of tobacco and/or paan masala on the donor site was also assessed. This study is probably the first of its kind where the affect of smoking, paan masala and tobacco chewing on the donor site morbidity has been documented.
Methods:
Forty-eight patients suffering from stricture of the urethra underwent oral mucosa graft urethroplasty between July 2005 and December 2007. The patients were divided into two groups (users or non-users) based on tobacco consumption and oral hygiene. The donor site was evaluated at frequent intervals for pain, swelling, numbness, bleeding, salivation and tightness of mouth.
Results:
Donor site morbidity was more in users with poor oral hygiene. Pain scores were higher amongst the users and the morbidity persisted longer in the users compared to non-users with good oral hygiene.
Conclusion:
Patients who consume tobacco and have poor oral hygiene should be warned regarding poorer outcomes after oral mucosa graft urethroplasty.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/14">
<title>A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of prostate specific antigen</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/14</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Prostate cancer is the fourth commonest cancer in the UK, and the incidence is rising. The reference standard for diagnosing this condition is prostate biopsy, an invasive procedure.This study systematically reviews recent literature on tPSA accuracy. The time period was restricted to ensure that the estimates referred to contemporary tPSA tests and prostate cancer reference standards. The focus of this review was restricted to European populations as tPSA levels are known to vary by population group.
Methods:
Medline was searched (from 01/1998 to 01/2008) and Embase (from 01/1998 to 01/2008), which returned 3087 citations. These were assessed by 6 reviewers, who shortlisted 54 of possible relevance. 2 reviewers assessed each using the following inclusion criteria: data collection between 1998-2008; tPSA measurements for all participants; histological confirmation of the diagnosis; samples from a European population and sufficient data to calculate 2 × 2 tables. The final set of 10 included studies represented 5373 participants. Quality of the included studies was assessed in duplicate using criteria suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5.0 software was used to analyse the data, including plotting a series of summary receiver operator curve spaces (SROC).
Results:
tPSA sensitivities ranged from 0.78 to 1.00 and specificities from 0.06 to 0.66. Positive likelihood ratios ranged from 0.83 to 2.90 and negative likelihood ratios ranged from 0.00 to 3.75
Conclusion:
tPSA has a role to play as one of several indicators for prostate biopsy along with abnormal digital rectal examination and urinary symptoms. However, tPSA test has a high false positive and significant false negative rate. It is important that clinicians understand these limitations.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/13">
<title>Commentary:  the role of cytologic analysis of voided urine in the work-up of asymptomatic microhematuria</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/13</link>
<description><![CDATA[Microscopic hematuria is a common finding in patients presenting to both primary care doctors as well as urologists. Sources of microscopic hematuria include infection, stones, inflammatory disorders as well as cancer of the genitourinary tract, particularly urothelial cancer. A primary focus in the urologic workup of hematuria is to rule out cancer. This is done using radiographic studies as well as procedures such as cystoscopy and bladder biopsy. As the authors state in their article titled "The utility of serial urinary cytology in the initial evaluation of the patient with microscopic hematuria", cytologic analysis of voided urine, though attractive due to its noninvasive nature, has been found to have the neither the sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, nor the ease of administration necessary to replace more invasive diagnostics in the evaluation of microscopic hematuria.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/12">
<title>Utility of serial urinary cytology in the initial evaluation of the patient with microscopic hematuria</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/12</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
We determine the utility of serial urinary cytologies in patients presenting with microscopic hematuria who were evaluated with upper and lower urinary tract studies to rule out a malignancy.
Methods:
Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with the diagnosis of microscopic hematuria were evaluated at an inner-city tertiary care hospital. Of these 239 patients, 182 patients had 405 cytologies obtained as part of their evaluation for hematuria. In addition, all patients had their lower urinary tract and upper tract thoroughly evaluated.
Results:
Two hundred and seventy four cytology samples were read as normal, 104 (26%) as atypia, 7 (2%) as suspicious/malignant, and 20 (5%) as unsatisfactory. Seventeen patients (9.3%) had biopsy confirmed bladder cancer. Of these 17 patients, 2 had normal cytology, 11 had atypia, and 5 had suspicious/malignant. No patient had a positive cytology and a negative biopsy. Overall the number of hematuric patients harboring bladder cancer was small (7%). Cytology #1 detected 4 cases of cancer, cytology #2 detected an additional case and cytology #3 did not detect any additional cancers.
Conclusion:
Because of this low prevalence of bladder cancer in patients presenting with microscopic hematuria and the low sensitivity of detecting bladder cancers, the utility of urinary cytology in the initial evaluation of patients with hematuria may be minimal. The exact role of urinary cytology in the evaluation of hematuria is unknown.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/11">
<title>Diabetes related risk factors did not explain the increased risk for urinary incontinence among women with diabetes. The Norwegian HUNT/EPINCONT study</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/11</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Previous studies have shown an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and urinary incontinence (UI) in women, especially severe UI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diabetes related variables could explain this association.
Methods:
The study is part of the EPINCONT study, which is based on the large Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2 (HUNT 2), performed in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, during the years 1995 - 1997. Questions on diabetes and UI were answered by a total of 21 057 women aged 20 years and older. Of these 685 were identified as having diabetes, and thus comprise the population of our study. A variety of clinical and biochemical variables were recorded from the participants.
Results:
Blood-glucose, HbA1c, albumine:creatinine ratio (ACR), duration of diabetes, diabetes treatment, type of diabetes, cholesterol and triglycerides did not significantly differ in women with and without UI in crude analyses. However, the diabetic women with UI had more hospitalizations during the last 12 months, more homecare, and a higher prevalence of angina and use of oestrogene treatment (both local and oral/patch). After adjusting for age, BMI, parity and smoking, there were statistically significant associations between any UI and angina (OR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.22 - 2.93), homecare (OR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.02 - 2.89), and hospitalization during the last 12 months (OR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.18 - 2.38). In adjusted analyses severe UI was also significantly associated with the same variables, and also with diabetes drug treatment (OR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.07 - 4.10) and stroke (OR 2.47; 95% CI: 1.09 - 5.59).
Conclusion:
No single diabetes related risk factor seems to explain the increased risk for UI among women with diabetes. However, we found associations between UI and some clinical correlates of diabetes.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/10">
<title>HIV-associated bladder cancer: a case series evaluating difficulties in diagnosis and management</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/10</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased incidence of Non-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (non-AIDS) defining cancers. To date, only a limited number of cases of bladder cancer have been linked with HIV infection. We sought to describe the clinical characteristics of HIV-associated bladder cancer.
Methods:
A retrospective study was performed involving HIV-positive patients with bladder cancer, combining cases from multiple institutions with published case reports. Data regarding patient demographics, HIV status, clinical presentation, pathology, cancer treatment, and outcome were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results:
Eleven patients were identified with a median age of 55 years (range, 33 - 67). The median CD4+ count at cancer diagnosis was 280 cells/mm3 (range, 106 - 572 cells/mm3). Six patients (55%) had a known risk factor for bladder cancer, and nine (82%) presented with hematuria. Ten patients had transitional cell carcinoma, and most had superficial disease at presentation. Treatment included mainly transurethral resection of bladder tumor followed by a combination of local and systemic therapies. One patient received intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guèrin (BCG) without complication. Several patients (55%) were alive following therapy, although many (64%) suffered from local relapse and metastatic disease.
Conclusion:
Bladder cancer is part of the growing list of cancers that may be encountered in patients living longer with chronic HIV-infection. Our patients presented at a younger age and with only mild immunosuppression, however, they experienced an expected course for their bladder cancer. Hematuria in an HIV-infected patient warrants a complete evaluation.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/9">
<title>Intraprostatic Botulinum Toxin Type A injection in patients with benign prostatic enlargement: duration of the effect of a single treatment</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/9</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Botulinum Toxin Type-A (BoNT/A) intraprostatic injection can induce prostatic involution and improve LUTS and urinary flow in patients with Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE). However, the duration of these effects is unknown. The objective of this work was to determine the duration of prostate volume reduction after one single intraprostatic injection of 200U of Botulinum Toxin Type-A.
Methods:
This is an extension of a 6 month study in which 21 frail elderly patients with refractory urinary retention and unfit for surgery were submitted to intraprostatic injection of BoNT/A-200U, by ultrasound guided transrectal approach. In spite of frail conditions, eleven patients could be followed during 18 months. Prostate volume, total serum PSA, maximal flow rate (Qmax), residual volume (PVR) and IPSS-QoL scores were determined at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post-treatment.
Results:
Mean prostate volume at baseline, 82 ± 16 ml progressively decreased from month one coming to 49 ± 9,5 ml (p = 0,003) at month six. From this moment on, prostate volume slowly recovered, becoming identical to baseline at 18 months (73 ± 16 ml, p = 0.03). Albeit non significant, serum PSA showed a 25% decrease from baseline to month 6. The 11 patients resumed spontaneous voiding at month one. Mean Qmax was 11,3 ± 1,7 ml/sec and remained unchanged during the follow-up period. PVR ranged from 55 ± 17 to 82 ± 20 ml and IPSS score from10 to 12 points.
Conclusion:
Intraprostatic BoNT/A injection is safe and can reduce prostate volume for a period of 18 months. During this time a marked symptomatic improvement can be maintained.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/8">
<title>Identifying the needs of penile cancer sufferers: A systematic review of the quality of life, psychosexual and psychosocial literature in penile cancer.</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/8</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Penile cancer is an uncommon malignancy with an incidence of 1 per 100,000. Conservative and radical treatments can be disfiguring and may have an impact on sexual function, quality of life (QOL), social interactions, self-image and self-esteem. Knowledge of how this disease affects patients is paramount to developing a global, multi-disciplinary approach to treatment.
Methods:
A Medline/PubMed literature search was conducted using the terms "sexual function penis cancer"; "quality of life penis cancer" and "psychological effects penis cancer" from 1985 to 2008. Articles containing quantitative data on QOL, sexual function or psychological well-being were included.
Results:
128 patients from 6 studies were included. 5 studies contained retrospective data whilst 1 study collected prospective data on erectile function. In the 6 studies 13 different quantitative tools were used to assess psychological well-being, QOL and sexual function. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) showed impaired well-being in up to 40% in 2 studies. Patients undergoing more mutilating treatments were more likely to have impaired well-being. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) demonstrated pathological anxiety up to 31% in 2 studies. 1 study used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of psychiatric illness (DSM III-R) with 53% exhibiting mental illness, 25% avoidance behaviour and 40% impaired well-being. 12/30 suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. The IIEF-15 was the commonest tool used to assess sexual function. The results varied from 36% in 1 study with no sexual function to 67% in another reporting reduced sexual satisfaction to 78% in another reporting high confidence with erections.
Conclusion:
The treatment of penile cancer results in negative effects on well-being in up to 40% with psychiatric symptoms in approximately 50%. Up to two-thirds of patients report a reduction in sexual function. This study demonstrates that penile cancer sufferers can exhibit significant psychological dysfunction, yet no standardised tools or interventional pathways are available. Therefore, there is a need to identify and assess adequate tools to measure psychological and sexual dysfunction in this group of patients.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/7">
<title>Development and validation of risk score for predicting positive repeat prostate biopsy in patients with a previous negative biopsy in a UK population</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/7</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Little evidence is available to determine which patients should undergo repeat biopsy after initial benign extended core biopsy (ECB). Attempts have been made to reduce the frequency of negative repeat biopsies using PSA kinetics, density, free-to-total ratios and Kattan's nomogram, to identify men more likely to harbour cancer but no single tool accurately predicts biopsy outcome. The objective of this study was to develop a predictive nomogram to identify men more likely to have a cancer diagnosed on repeat prostate biopsy.
Methods:
Patients with previous benign ECB undergoing repeat biopsy were identified from a database. Association between age, volume, stage, previous histology, PSA kinetics and positive repeat biopsy was analysed. Variables were entered stepwise into logistic regression models. A risk score giving the probability of positive repeat biopsy was estimated. The performance of this score was assessed using receiver characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Results:
110 repeat biopsies were performed in this period. Cancer was detected in 31% of repeat biopsies at Hospital (1) and 30% at Hospital (2). The most accurate predictive model combined age, PSA, PSA velocity, free-to-total PSA ratio, prostate volume and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. The risk model performed well in an independent sample, area under the curve (AUCROC) was 0.818 (95% CI 0.707 to 0.929) for the risk model and 0.696 (95% CI 0.472 to 0.921) for the validation model. It was calculated that using a threshold risk score of > 0.2 to identify high risk individuals would reduce repeat biopsies by 39% while identifying 90% of the men with prostate cancer.
Conclusion:
An accurate multi-variable predictive tool to determine the risk of positive repeat prostate biopsy is presented. This can be used by urologists in an outpatient setting to aid decision-making for men with prior benign histology for whom a repeat biopsy is being considered.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/6">
<title>Expression of multidrug resistance markers ABCB1 (MDR-1/P-gp) and ABCC1 (MRP-1) in renal cell carcinoma</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/6</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Renal cell carcinoma patients respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy, this unresponsiveness may be attributable to multidrug resistance (MDR). The mechanisms of MDR in renal cancer are not fully understood and the specific contribution of ABC transporter proteins which have been implicated in the chemoresistance of various cancers has not been fully defined in this disease.
Methods:
In this retrospective study the expression of two of these transporter efflux pumps, namely MDR-1 P-gp (ABCB1) and MRP-1 (ABCC1) were studied by immunohistochemistry in archival material from 95 renal cell carcinoma patients.
Results:
In the first study investigating MDR-1 P-gp and MRP-1 protein expression patterns in renal cell carcinoma patients, high levels of expression of both efflux pumps are observed with 100% of tumours studied showing MDR-1 P-gp and MRP-1 positivity.
Conclusion:
Although these findings do not prove a causal role, the high frequency of tumours expressing these efflux pumps suggests that they may be important contributors to the chemoresistance of this tumour type.]]></description>
</item>

</rdf:RDF>