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<title>Physician Assistant- Join a Urology Practice in North Carolina :: North Carolina :: MedPro Search - Recruiting For Physician Jobs</title>
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<description><![CDATA[Physician Assistant job on the coast of North Carolina. A North Carolina  Urology Practice has a need for a Physician Assistant to join their group, located one hour from Coast, North Carolina.  Experienced ]]></description>
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<title>Northern California - 1 Hour to the Bay Area :: California :: Urology -Robotics Available - Join Reputable Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_california/page_22.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Robot Available Northern California One Hour to the Bay Area  Join a technologically advanced group of three Urologists      * da Vinci System for Robotic Urologic Surgery in place and ready for use ]]></description>
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<title>Eastern North Carolina- Urologist Needed :: North Carolina :: MedPro Search - Recruiting For Physician Jobs</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_north_carolina/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Urology Physician Job in North Carolina Call Med Pro Search Today .  A well-established Urology Physician Group is seeking a Board Certified or Board Eligible Urologist to join their busy practice in ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_1.html">
<title>Outer Western Boston subs :: Massachusetts :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[Urologist-Eastern Massachusetts Our salary range is $318,000 to $387,000; Currently seeking a Urologist for an employed position outer Western Boston subs.  The call will be mon-thur. cover your own call, ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_new_york/page_8.html">
<title>Eastern NY-60 miles NYC :: New York :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_new_york/page_8.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ One of the top medical groups in the Nation   Eastern New York, about one hour to NYC,  just over the PA and NJ borders, this MSG with EMR is ranked as one of the top groups in the Northeast with the ]]></description>
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<title>MONTGOMERY AREA - $250k :: Alabama :: Minerva Recruiting</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_alabama/page_10.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[  Urology Physician JOB SUMMARY:  Responsible for, upon referral, treating a wide range of urological conditions and diseases primarily through surgical means.  Physician shall report to the CEO of Hospital ]]></description>
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<title>1.5 Hours to Dallas :: California :: Fidelis Partners</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_california/page_23.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ TEXAS  Urology Employment opportunity $400,000 Base + Production $40,000 signing bonus      * Hospital Employment $400,000 base + RVU Production = over $450,000 earnings     * Signing Bonus $40,000  ]]></description>
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<title>Central Coast :: California :: Fidelis Partners</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_california/page_6.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ COASTAL CALIFORNIA NEW HOSPITAL LOW COST OF LIVING   Full Urological Practice to Assume Due to a Retirement ... Be a Big Fish in a Small Pond        * Limitless surgeries and outpatient procedures   ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_new_york/page_12.html">
<title>NW  New York :: New York :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_new_york/page_12.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[North West NY Excellent opportunity to work in private practice with benefits of hospital support. Single Specialty group close to hospital is looking to add urologist. Ist year salary guarantee 350k-400k ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_5.html">
<title>Southeastern :: Massachusetts :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_5.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Group Urologist need for Cape Cod  Urologist- Cape Cod region--We invite team oriented, motivated physicians to a hospital employed position.   We offer an opportunity to work and live along the seashore ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_2.html">
<title>Bridgewater :: Massachusetts :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[South of Boston- currently conducting a search for a Board Certified Urologist to join another Urologist within  ancillary care services.  This is a busy & growing area of specialty care within  new & ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_pennsylvania/page_20.html">
<title>Pittsburg :: Pennsylvania :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_pennsylvania/page_20.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ This is a very lucrative practice with first year income potential over $500K.  Join a 26 year old, well established, private practice with 2 physicians, 1 PA and an NP.  They have three offices, two ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_michigan/page_1.html">
<title>Southeast :: Michigan :: Stackpoole &#x26; Associates, LLC</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_michigan/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Well-established single-specialty group seeks fourth urologist! Well-established and fiscally sound Private Practice (3 urologists) Large referral base with 6 week waiting list Conservative group that ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_nevada/page_2.html">
<title>NEAR RENO :: Nevada :: Minerva Recruiting</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_nevada/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[  Join a large multi-specialty clinic.  The clinic currently includes primary care physicians, neurologists,  and interventional cardiologists  For more details please e-Mail us to Careers@MinervaRecruiting.com ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_wisconsin/page_4.html">
<title>Southern :: Wisconsin :: Stackpoole &#x26; Associates, LLC</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_wisconsin/page_4.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Progressive Community Hospital-Wisconsin Urology Opportunity 12510  Solo Opportunity Call shared with urologist(s) in neighboring community New state-of-the-art hospital Purchase of robotic instrumentation ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_california/page_17.html">
<title>Southern :: California :: Established Urology Group-$600k+Potential-1:4 Call</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_california/page_17.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAUROLOGY SINGLE SPECIALTY GROUP / 1:4 CALL PARTNERSHIP AVAILABLE $600,000+ INCOME POTENTIAL   ESTABLISHED REFERRALSNO COMPETITION  This opportunity will not last!  Please contact me ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_pennsylvania/page_2.html">
<title>UR145661 :: Pennsylvania :: Carson Kolb Healthcare Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_pennsylvania/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Northeast Urology Opportunity One Year Partnership Track Single Specialty Group  Join a stable, successful group of three Urologists   The group owns and earns revenue from their own lithotriptor Dedicated ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_california/page_7.html">
<title>UR122624 :: California :: Carson Kolb Healthcare Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_california/page_7.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ NORTHERN CALIFORNIA UROLOGY ROBOT AVAILABLE   JOIN AN ESTABLISHED AND TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED UROLOGY GROUP.      100% hospital and community support. Make an impact in the community  you will be the ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_16.html">
<title>Hyannis :: Massachusetts :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_massachusetts/page_16.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[Southeastern Massachusetts-Cape Cod -Urology Group -  practice includes 4 physicians and 1 physician assistant; 4 cystoscopy suites; 2 ultrasound rooms; chemistry lab; 8 exam rooms; recently opened pathology ]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_maine/page_4.html">
<title>Bangor :: Maine :: New England Physician Recruitment Center</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_urology_jobs_in_maine/page_4.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Urologist Maine-- Hospital employed (or start-up employment sharing office with private practicing doctor) share office with 1-2 other urologists, community call for both hospitals can be worked out ]]></description>
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<title>Launch Of Ipsen&#x27;s Decapeptyl(R) 6-Month Formulation (LP 22.5 Mg) In France For The Treatment Of Prostate Cancer</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3xk7</link>
<description><![CDATA[Ipsen (Euronext: FR0010259150; IPN), an innovation-driven global specialty pharmaceutical group and Debiopharm Group (Debiopharm), a Swiss-based global biopharmaceutical group of companies with a focus on the development of prescription drugs that target unmet medical needs, announce the launch by Ipsen in France of Decapeptyl(R) LP 22...]]></description>
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<title>Kidney Cancer Drug Shows Promising Results</title>
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<description><![CDATA[The drug pazopanib (Votrient) slowed the progression of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a form of kidney cancer, in patients by 54% percent, according to a new study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology...]]></description>
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<title>Clinic Closure Leaves Indigent Dialysis Patients Looking For Treatment</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3xgT</link>
<description><![CDATA[ A clinic closure in Atlanta has patients and clinic officials struggling to find new providers that will treat low-income patients who need kidney dialysis, The Associated Press reports. "The treatment typically costs $40,000 to $50,000 a year, and Grady is just one of the struggling public hospitals cutting the service to reduce costs. Many indigent dialysis patients ...]]></description>
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<title>Paracetamol Protects Against Kidney Failure After Muscle Injury</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3xgc</link>
<description><![CDATA[The commonly-used painkiller Paracetamol can protect against kidney failure after severe muscle injury, according to research at the University of Essex.   One of the main causes of kidney failure affecting tens of thousands of people each year is a syndrome known as Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Renal Failure...]]></description>
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<title>Launch Of Ipsen&#x27;s Decapeptyl 6-Month Formulation (LP 22.5 Mg) In France For The Treatment Of Advanced Or Metastatic Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancer</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3xf4</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Ipsen (Paris:IPN), an innovation-driven global specialty pharmaceutical group and Debiopharm Group (Debiopharm), a Swiss-based global biopharmaceutical group of companies with a focus on the development of prescription drugs that target unmet medical needs, announce the launch by Ipsen in France of Decapeptyl® LP 22...]]></description>
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<title>Recordati : Silodosin Approved By The European Commission For The Treatment Of The Signs And Symptoms Of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3xbs</link>
<description><![CDATA[Recordati announces that it has been granted Marketing Authorization by the European Commission for the medicinal products Urorec® and Silodyx™ 4 mg, 8 mg, hard capsules, intended for treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Following national post-authorization procedures, as relevant, product launch could take place by end 2010 or beginning 2011...]]></description>
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<title>EMEA Gives Official Scientific Advice On Clinical Phase IIb Efficacy Study Of Inecalcitol In Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3xbN</link>
<description><![CDATA[Hybrigenics, a bio-pharmaceutical company with a focus on research and development of new cancer treatments and specialized in protein interactions, announced that it has received the official scientific advice from the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) on Hybrigenics' clinical development plan for inecalcitol in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients...]]></description>
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<title>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Launch Groundbreaking Videourology Journal</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3x9T</link>
<description><![CDATA[Videourology™ is the first and only videojournal for urologists, publishing fully peer-reviewed surgical and micro-invasive video demonstrations of the latest techniques and technologies used to optimize surgical patient care. Videourology™ is Part B of the respected Flagship publication  Journal of Endourology published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc...]]></description>
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<title>Stuart Dryer Honored As 2009 Fellow By American Association For The Advancement Of Science</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3xb4</link>
<description><![CDATA[Stuart Dryer, the John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Biology and Biochemistry and biology department chair at the University of Houston, has been awarded the distinction of fellow from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)...]]></description>
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<title>Vantia Therapeutics&#x27; Lead Candidate VA106483 Enters Phase IIb Trial For Nocturia</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3x8g</link>
<description><![CDATA[Vantia Therapeutics, an emerging pharmaceutical company developing novel, small molecule drugs targeting large, underserved medical markets, announces it has begun its planned Phase IIb trial of its lead development compound VA106483 for nocturia. The study is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and is expected to recruit approximately 120 male patients at 20 centres in the US...]]></description>
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<title>DSG Partners With Biotech Company To Battle Progressive And Chronic Kidney Disease</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3x7N</link>
<description><![CDATA[DSG's eCaseLink™ Electronic Data Capture (EDC) and data management are currently being used by a biotechnology company for two current phase 2 and phase 2a clinical trials for treatments of progressive and chronic kidney disease. The company uses DSG's eCaseLink™ to automate and manage the data collection process during the clinical trial lifecycle...]]></description>
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<title>Acetaminophen Protects Kidneys After Muscle Injury</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3x67</link>
<description><![CDATA[Severe muscle injuries - such as crush injuries suffered in earthquakes, car accidents and explosions, and muscle damage from excessive exercise or statin drug interactions - can cause life-threatening kidney damage. Treatment has been limited to intravenous fluids and dialysis, but a new study suggests that the commonly used pain reliever acetaminophen may protect the kidneys from damage...]]></description>
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<title>Pervasis Therapeutics Receives FDA Clearance For Pivotal Phase 3 Trial Of Vascugel(R)</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3x4v</link>
<description><![CDATA[Pervasis Therapeutics, Inc. announced that it has reached an agreement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the design of a pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial for Vascugel®, an investigational new drug for the prevention of hemodialysis access graft failure. The agreement was made under the FDA's Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) procedure...]]></description>
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<title>Loyola Surgeon Uses Novel Technique To Perform Complicated Colon Surgery</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3x4q</link>
<description><![CDATA[Janet Bunch of Chicago had just experienced another "excruciating" bout of diverticulitis, an inflammation of the pockets in the lining of the colon.  "It was the second time in 19 months and the pain was worse than you could imagine," said Bunch, 64, a resident of Chicago.  Mild cases of diverticulitis can be treated with changes in diet, rest and antibiotics...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3x3y">
<title>Fresenius Medical Care Sends Dialysis Supplies For Haiti Relief Effort</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3x3y</link>
<description><![CDATA[Fresenius Medical Care North America (FMCNA), the world's largest integrated provider of products and services for individuals undergoing dialysis because of chronic kidney failure, is donating and delivering dialysis supplies to Haitians, at a time when relief supplies continue to be slow to reach those in need following a devastating earthquake and aftershock...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wSg">
<title>Medium Term Outcome Of Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy With Xenografts Compared To Synthetic Grafts</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wSg</link>
<description><![CDATA[ UroToday.com - Graft materials are increasingly being used to improve surgeries for pelvic floor prolapse, in an effort to reduce recurrence. There is some evidence this is indeed so, but a number of graft related complications (GRC) cause clinically relevant problems (erosion, pain, dyspareunea) and may lead to reintervention...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wS8">
<title>Effect Of Low Dose Radiation Computerized Tomography Protocols On Distal Ureteral Calculus Detection</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wS8</link>
<description><![CDATA[ UroToday.com - Stone cancer!  While chronic inflammation due to a renal pelvis stone may on very rare occasion be associated with the development of a squamous cell cancer of the collecting system, what is far more common and more worrisome is that our method of diagnosing a ureteral calculus could lead to the later development of a malignancy in 0...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wS9">
<title>Use Of Traditional Chinese Medicine In The Management Of Urinary Stone Disease</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wS9</link>
<description><![CDATA[ UroToday.com - As we reviewed the best level of evidence concerning the use of Chinese medicine in urinary stone disease in the English language Literature to accomplish this paper, we also faced the barrier imposed by the lack of knowledge of other languages such as Mandarim or Japanese...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wSb">
<title>The Expression Of Thrombospondin-1 And P53 In CCRCC: Its Relationship To Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation, And Cancer Specific Survival</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wSb</link>
<description><![CDATA[ UroToday.com - Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most prevalent of the subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Its prognosis is unpredictable because even small tumors may progress and end in metastatic disease and death. There is an urgent need for new molecular prognostic markers and new treatment targets...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wZp">
<title>Should Surgeons Warm Up Before Performing Surgery? New Study Investigates</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wZp</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Basketball players, baseball pitchers, and athletes warm up before they perform, and now researchers in the US are investigating whether surgeons  should do the same to ensure they are better prepared for when they have to perform...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wWR">
<title>Immune Cell Levels Predict Skin Cancer Risk In Kidney Transplant Patients</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wWR</link>
<description><![CDATA[Measuring certain types of immune cells may predict the high risk of skin cancer after kidney transplantation, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society Nephrology (JASN)...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wWS">
<title>&#x27;Silent Strokes&#x27; Linked To Kidney Failure In Diabetics</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wWS</link>
<description><![CDATA[In patients with type 2 diabetes, silent cerebral infarction (SCI) small areas of brain damage caused by injury to small blood vessels signals an increased risk of progressive kidney disease and kidney failure, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society Nephrology (JASN)...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wVY">
<title>Repros Receives Guidance From FDA Regarding Continued Development Of Androxal(R) In Hypogonadal Men</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wVY</link>
<description><![CDATA[Repros Therapeutics Inc. (NasdaqCM:RPRX) announced that the Company and its consultants participated in a teleconference with the Division of Reproductive and Urologic Products of the FDA on January 25, 2010...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wTm">
<title>Even Mild Kidney Disease Harms A Child&#x27;s Quality Of Life</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wTm</link>
<description><![CDATA[Challenging prevailing wisdom that only children with end-stage kidney disease suffer physical, social, emotional and educational setbacks from their disease, research led by Johns Hopkins Children's Center shows that even mild to moderate kidney disease may seriously diminish a child's quality of life...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://mnt.to/f/3wS3">
<title>The Importance Of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing Frequency In Assessing Biochemical And Clinical Failure After Prostate Cancer Treatment</title>
<link>http://mnt.to/f/3wS3</link>
<description><![CDATA[ UroToday.com - A research group under Dr. Eric Klein at the Cleveland Clinic evaluated how the frequency of PSA testing influences the determination that biochemical failure (bF) has occurred.  In turn, those without a bF are less likely to undergo testing, such as a bone scan to find clinical failure (cF).  The findings by Dr. Jay Ciezki and colleagues appear in the online version of Urology...]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/10/1">
<title>Stereotactic body radiotherapy for organ-confined prostate cancer</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/10/1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Improved understanding of prostate cancer radiobiology combined with advances in delivery of radiation to the moving prostate offer the potential to reduce treatment-related morbidity and maintain quality of life (QOL) following prostate cancer treatment. We present preliminary results following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment for organ-confined prostate cancer.
Methods:
SBRT was performed on 304 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: 50 received 5 fractions of 7 Gy (total dose 35 Gy) and 254 received 5 fractions of 7.25 Gy (total dose 36.25 Gy). Acute and late toxicity was assessed using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scale. The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaire was used to assess QOL. Prostate-specific antigen response was monitored.
Results:
At a median 30-month (26 - 37 month, range) follow-up there were no biochemical failures for the 35-Gy dose level. Acute Grade II urinary and rectal toxicities occurred in 4% of patients with no higher Grade acute toxicities.  One Grade II late urinary toxicity occurred with no other Grade II or higher late toxicities.  At a median 17-month (8 - 27 month, range) follow-up the 36.25 Gy dose level had 2 low- and 2 high-risk patients fail biochemically (biopsy showed 2 low- and 1 high-risk patients were disease-free in the gland). Acute Grade II urinary and rectal toxicities occurred in 4.7% (12/253) and 3.6% (9/253) of patients, respectively.  For those patients with a minimum of 12 months follow-up, 5.8% (12/206) had late Grade II urinary toxicity and 2.9% (6/206) had late Grade II rectal toxicities. One late Grade III urinary toxicity occurred; no Grade IV toxicities occurred.  For both dose levels at 17 months, bowel and urinary QOL returned to baseline values; sexual QOL decreased by 10%.
Conclusions:
The low toxicity and maintained QOL are highly encouraging. Additional follow-up is needed to determine long-term biochemical control and maintenance of low toxicity and QOL.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/19">
<title>Normal kidney size and its influencing factors - a 64-slice MDCT study of 1.040 asymptomatic patients</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/19</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Normal ultrasound values for pole-to-pole kidney length (LPP) are well established for children, but very little is known about normal kidney size and its influencing factors in adults. The objectives of this study were thus to establish normal CT values for kidney dimensions from a group of unselected patients, identify potential influencing factors, and to estimate their significance.
Methods:
In multiphase thin-slice MDCTs of 2.068 kidneys in 1.040 adults, the kidney length pole to pole (LPP), parenchymal (PW) and cortical width (CW), position and rotation status of the kidneys, number of renal arteries, pyelon width and possible influencing factors that can be visualized, were recorded from a volume data set. For length measurements, axes were adjusted individually in double oblique planes using a 3D-software. Analyses of distribution, T-tests, ANOVA, correlation and multivariate regression analyses were performed.
Results:
LPP was 108.5 ± 12.2 mm for the right, and 111.3 ± 12.6 mm for the left kidney (p < 0.0001 each). PW on the right side was 15.4 ± 2.8 mm, slightly less than 15.9 ± 2.7 mm on the left side (p < 0.0001), the CW was the same (6.6 ± 1.9 mm). The most significant independent predictors for LPP, CW, and PW were body size, BMI, age, and gender (p < 0.001 each). In men, the LPP increases up to the fifth decade of life (p < 0.01). It is also influenced by the position of the kidneys, stenoses and number of renal arteries (SRA/NRA), infarctions suffered, parapelvic cysts, and absence of the contralateral kidney; CW is influenced by age, position, parapelvic cysts, NRA and SRA, and the PW is influenced in addition by rotation status (p < 0.05 each). Depending on the most important factors, gender-specific normal values were indicated for these dimensions, the length and width in cross section, width of the renal pelvis, and parenchyma-renal pyelon ratio.
Conclusions:
Due to the complex influences on kidney size, assessment should be made individually. The most important influencing factors are BMI, height, gender, age, position of the kidneys, stenoses and number of renal arteries.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/18">
<title>Treatment success for overactive bladder with urinary urge incontinence refractory to oral antimuscarinics: a review of published evidence</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/18</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Treatment options for overactive bladder (OAB) with urinary urge incontinence (UUI) refractory to oral antimuscarinics include: botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA), sacral neuromodulation (SNM), and augmentation cystoplasty (AC). A standard treatment success metric that can be used in both clinical and economic evaluations of the above interventions has not emerged. Our objective was to conduct a literature review and synthesis of published measures of treatment success for OAB with UUI interventions and to identify a treatment success outcome.
Methods:
We performed a literature review of primary studies that used a definition of treatment success in the OAB with UUI population receiving BoNTA, SNM, or AC. The recommended success outcome was compared to generic and disease-specific health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) measures using data from a BoNTA treatment study of neurogenic incontinent patients.
Results:
Across all interventions, success outcomes included: complete continence (n = 23, 44%), ≥ 50% improvement in incontinence episodes (n = 16, 31%), and subjective improvement (n = 13, 25%). We recommend the OAB with UUI treatment success outcome of ≥ 50% improvement in incontinence episodes from baseline. Using data from a neurogenic BoNTA treatment study, the average change in the Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire was 8.8 (95% CI: -4.7, 22.3) higher for those that succeeded (N = 25) versus those that failed (N = 26). The average change in the SF-6D preference score was 0.07 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.12) higher for those that succeeded versus those that failed.
Conclusion:
A treatment success definition that encompasses the many components of underlying OAB with UUI symptoms is currently not practical as a consequence of difficulties in measuring urgency. The treatment success outcome of ≥ 50% improvement in incontinence episodes was associated with a clinically meaningful improvement in disease-specific HRQoL for those with neurogenic OAB with UUI. The recommended success definition is less restrictive than a measure such as complete continence but includes patients who are satisfied with treatment and experience meaningful improvement in symptoms. A standardized measure of treatment success will be useful in clinical and health economic applications.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/17">
<title>Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe Kidneys: is rigid nephroscopy sufficient tool for complete clearance? a case series study</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/17</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
this study represents a case series to evaluate how successful is the rigid percutaneous nephroscopy as a tool for clearance of all stones in various locations in horseshoe kidneys.
Methods:
Between 2005 and 2009, we carried out PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) for calculi in horseshoe kidneys in 21 renal units (17 patients) in our department. The indications were large stone burden in 18 units and failed SWL(shock wave lithotripsy) in 3 renal units. All procedures were done under general anesthesia; using fluoroscopic guidance for localization and standard alkan dilatation followed by rigid nephroscopy and stone extraction with or without stone disintegration. We analyzed our results regarding the site and number of the required access, the intra and postoperative complications, the presence of any residual stones, as well as their location.
Results:
The procedure was completed, using a single access tract in 20 renal units, with the site of puncture being the upper calyx in nine units and the posterior middle calyx in eleven units. Only in one renal unit, two access tracts (an upper and a lower calyceal) were required for completion and a supracostal puncture was required in another case. There was no significant intraoperative bleeding and no blood transfusion was required in any patient. A pelvic perforation occurred in one case, requiring longer PCN (percutaneous nephrostomy) drainage. One patient with infection stones suffered urosepsis postoperatively which was successfully managed. Three cases had residual stones, all located in the renal isthmus, all residuals were un approachable with the rigid instrument; resulting in a overall stone-free rate of 85.7% at discharge.
Conclusion:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is generally safe and successful in the management of stones in horseshoe kidneys. However, location of the stones in these patients is crucial to decide the proper tool for optimal stone clearance result.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/16">
<title>Pharmacologic attenuation of pelvic pain in a Murine model of interstitial cystitis</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/16</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a bladder disease that causes debilitating pelvic pain of unknown origin, and IC/PBS symptoms correlate with elevated bladder lamina propria mast cell counts. Similar to IC/PBS patients, pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection in mice induces a neurogenic cystitis associated with bladder lamina propria mast cell accumulation and pelvic pain. We evaluated several drugs to determine the effectiveness of reducing PRV-induced pelvic pain.
Methods:
Neurogenic cystitis was induced by the injection of Bartha's strain of PRV into the abductor caudalis dorsalis tail base muscle of female C57BL/6 mice. Therapeutic modulation of pelvic pain was assessed daily for five days using von Frey filament stimulation to the pelvic region to quantify tactile allodynia.
Results:
Significant reduction of PRV-induced pelvic pain was observed for animals treated with antagonists of neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R) and histamine receptors. In contrast, the H1R antagonist hydroxyzine, proton pump inhibitors, a histamine receptor 3 agonist, and gabapentin had little or no effect on PRV-induced pelvic pain.
Conclusion:
These data demonstrate that bladder-associated pelvic pain is attenuated by antagonists of NK1R and H2R. Therefore, NK1R and H2Rrepresent direct therapeutic targets for pain in IC/PBS and potentially other chronic pain conditions.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/15">
<title> Donor site morbidity in oral mucosa graft urethroplasty: implications of tobacco consumption</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/15</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the donor site morbidity in patients who have undergone oral mucosa graft urethroplasty for stricture of the urethra. The impact of smoking and oral consumption of tobacco and/or paan masala on the donor site was also assessed. This study is probably the first of its kind where the affect of smoking, paan masala and tobacco chewing on the donor site morbidity has been documented.
Methods:
Forty-eight patients suffering from stricture of the urethra underwent oral mucosa graft urethroplasty between July 2005 and December 2007. The patients were divided into two groups (users or non-users) based on tobacco consumption and oral hygiene. The donor site was evaluated at frequent intervals for pain, swelling, numbness, bleeding, salivation and tightness of mouth.
Results:
Donor site morbidity was more in users with poor oral hygiene. Pain scores were higher amongst the users and the morbidity persisted longer in the users compared to non-users with good oral hygiene.
Conclusion:
Patients who consume tobacco and have poor oral hygiene should be warned regarding poorer outcomes after oral mucosa graft urethroplasty.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/14">
<title>A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of prostate specific antigen</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/14</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Prostate cancer is the fourth commonest cancer in the UK, and the incidence is rising. The reference standard for diagnosing this condition is prostate biopsy, an invasive procedure.This study systematically reviews recent literature on tPSA accuracy. The time period was restricted to ensure that the estimates referred to contemporary tPSA tests and prostate cancer reference standards. The focus of this review was restricted to European populations as tPSA levels are known to vary by population group.
Methods:
Medline was searched (from 01/1998 to 01/2008) and Embase (from 01/1998 to 01/2008), which returned 3087 citations. These were assessed by 6 reviewers, who shortlisted 54 of possible relevance. 2 reviewers assessed each using the following inclusion criteria: data collection between 1998-2008; tPSA measurements for all participants; histological confirmation of the diagnosis; samples from a European population and sufficient data to calculate 2 × 2 tables. The final set of 10 included studies represented 5373 participants. Quality of the included studies was assessed in duplicate using criteria suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5.0 software was used to analyse the data, including plotting a series of summary receiver operator curve spaces (SROC).
Results:
tPSA sensitivities ranged from 0.78 to 1.00 and specificities from 0.06 to 0.66. Positive likelihood ratios ranged from 0.83 to 2.90 and negative likelihood ratios ranged from 0.00 to 3.75
Conclusion:
tPSA has a role to play as one of several indicators for prostate biopsy along with abnormal digital rectal examination and urinary symptoms. However, tPSA test has a high false positive and significant false negative rate. It is important that clinicians understand these limitations.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/13">
<title>Commentary:  the role of cytologic analysis of voided urine in the work-up of asymptomatic microhematuria</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/13</link>
<description><![CDATA[Microscopic hematuria is a common finding in patients presenting to both primary care doctors as well as urologists. Sources of microscopic hematuria include infection, stones, inflammatory disorders as well as cancer of the genitourinary tract, particularly urothelial cancer. A primary focus in the urologic workup of hematuria is to rule out cancer. This is done using radiographic studies as well as procedures such as cystoscopy and bladder biopsy. As the authors state in their article titled "The utility of serial urinary cytology in the initial evaluation of the patient with microscopic hematuria", cytologic analysis of voided urine, though attractive due to its noninvasive nature, has been found to have the neither the sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, nor the ease of administration necessary to replace more invasive diagnostics in the evaluation of microscopic hematuria.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/12">
<title>Utility of serial urinary cytology in the initial evaluation of the patient with microscopic hematuria</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/12</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
We determine the utility of serial urinary cytologies in patients presenting with microscopic hematuria who were evaluated with upper and lower urinary tract studies to rule out a malignancy.
Methods:
Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with the diagnosis of microscopic hematuria were evaluated at an inner-city tertiary care hospital. Of these 239 patients, 182 patients had 405 cytologies obtained as part of their evaluation for hematuria. In addition, all patients had their lower urinary tract and upper tract thoroughly evaluated.
Results:
Two hundred and seventy four cytology samples were read as normal, 104 (26%) as atypia, 7 (2%) as suspicious/malignant, and 20 (5%) as unsatisfactory. Seventeen patients (9.3%) had biopsy confirmed bladder cancer. Of these 17 patients, 2 had normal cytology, 11 had atypia, and 5 had suspicious/malignant. No patient had a positive cytology and a negative biopsy. Overall the number of hematuric patients harboring bladder cancer was small (7%). Cytology #1 detected 4 cases of cancer, cytology #2 detected an additional case and cytology #3 did not detect any additional cancers.
Conclusion:
Because of this low prevalence of bladder cancer in patients presenting with microscopic hematuria and the low sensitivity of detecting bladder cancers, the utility of urinary cytology in the initial evaluation of patients with hematuria may be minimal. The exact role of urinary cytology in the evaluation of hematuria is unknown.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/11">
<title>Diabetes related risk factors did not explain the increased risk for urinary incontinence among women with diabetes. The Norwegian HUNT/EPINCONT study</title>
<link>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2490/9/11</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Previous studies have shown an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and urinary incontinence (UI) in women, especially severe UI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diabetes related variables could explain this association.
Methods:
The study is part of the EPINCONT study, which is based on the large Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2 (HUNT 2), performed in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, during the years 1995 - 1997. Questions on diabetes and UI were answered by a total of 21 057 women aged 20 years and older. Of these 685 were identified as having diabetes, and thus comprise the population of our study. A variety of clinical and biochemical variables were recorded from the participants.
Results:
Blood-glucose, HbA1c, albumine:creatinine ratio (ACR), duration of diabetes, diabetes treatment, type of diabetes, cholesterol and triglycerides did not significantly differ in women with and without UI in crude analyses. However, the diabetic women with UI had more hospitalizations during the last 12 months, more homecare, and a higher prevalence of angina and use of oestrogene treatment (both local and oral/patch). After adjusting for age, BMI, parity and smoking, there were statistically significant associations between any UI and angina (OR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.22 - 2.93), homecare (OR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.02 - 2.89), and hospitalization during the last 12 months (OR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.18 - 2.38). In adjusted analyses severe UI was also significantly associated with the same variables, and also with diabetes drug treatment (OR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.07 - 4.10) and stroke (OR 2.47; 95% CI: 1.09 - 5.59).
Conclusion:
No single diabetes related risk factor seems to explain the increased risk for UI among women with diabetes. However, we found associations between UI and some clinical correlates of diabetes.]]></description>
</item>

</rdf:RDF>