The thorax is a division of an animal's body that lies between the head and the abdomen.

In humans, the thorax is the region of the chest formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs. It extends from the neck to the diaphragm, not including the upper limbs. The heart and the lungs reside in the thoracic cavity, as well as many blood vessels. The inner organs are protected by the rib cage and the sternum.

In insects and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions (or tagmata) of the creature's body, each of which is in turn composed of multiple segments. It is the area where the wings and legs attach in insects, or an area of multiple articulating plates in trilobites. In most insects, the thorax itself is composed of three segments; the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. In extant insects, the prothorax never has wings, though legs are always present in adults; wings (when present) are restricted to at least the mesothorax, and typically also the metathorax, though the wings may be reduced or modified on either or both segments (as in the fly shown, where the metathoracic wings have been reduced to tiny balancing organs called halteres). In the Apocritan Hymenoptera, the first abdominal segment is fused to the metathorax, where it forms a structure known as the propodeum. Accordingly, in these insects, the functional thorax is composed of four segments, and is therefore typically called the mesosoma to distinguish it from the "thorax" of other insects.

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Thoracic Surgeon Needed for Non-Cardiac Cases and General Surgery :: Georgia :: CompHealth Inc
Job 41290 Community has no Thoracic Surgeon now; service area is 200,000 Share office space with other surgeons in town Will need to do Bread & Butter cases as you build up the Thoracic practice New
Excellent opportunity for Thoracic Surgeon in Michigan :: Michigan :: Weatherby Locums
Job 9576614-0023 Practice seeks locums CT surgeon to provide 24/7 until permanent placement is hired. Need is on-going for ideal candidate. Physician must be Board Certified. Licensure possible assisted
Gulf Coast of Florida Needs a General Surgeon :: Florida :: CompHealth Inc
Job 6511050 Fantastic Growth Area, affordable homes; within an hour of Tampa Known as the Nature Coast part of Florida Call is 1:5 Prefers surgeons with Minimally Invasive Skills Can do Vascular and

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Mission Hospital's heart surgery unit gets top rankingAsheville Citizen-Times“The bottom line is that we are not doing this to get an award,” said Ely, service line leader for cardiovascular and thoracic surgery at Mission. ...and more »
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CAS Medical Systems, Inc. Announces Publication of Two Studies Demonstrating ...CNNMoney.com (press release)The first study (1), entitled "Reduced cerebral oxygen saturation measured by absolute cerebral oximetry during thoracic surgery correlates with ...and more »
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ScienceDirect Publication: Thoracic Surgery Clinics

Contents
Thu, 19 Nov 2009 21:30:43 -0000
Publication year: 2009Source: Thoracic Surgery Clinics, Volume 19, Issue 4, November 2009, Pages v-vii[No author name available]
Forthcoming Issues
Thu, 19 Nov 2009 21:30:43 -0000
Publication year: 2009Source: Thoracic Surgery Clinics, Volume 19, Issue 4, November 2009, Page viii[No author name available]
Preface
Thu, 19 Nov 2009 21:30:43 -0000
Publication year: 2009Source: Thoracic Surgery Clinics, Volume 19, Issue 4, November 2009, Pages ix-xGail, Darling
Surgical Conditions of the Diaphragm: Anatomy and Physiology
Thu, 19 Nov 2009 21:30:43 -0000
Publication year: 2009Source: Thoracic Surgery Clinics, Volume 19, Issue 4, November 2009, Pages 419-429Masaki, Anraku , Yaron, Shargall
Imaging the Diaphragm
Thu, 19 Nov 2009 21:30:43 -0000
Publication year: 2009Source: Thoracic Surgery Clinics, Volume 19, Issue 4, November 2009, Pages 431-450Heidi C., Roberts
Surgical Conditions of the Diaphragm: Posterior Diaphragmatic Hernias in Infants
Thu, 19 Nov 2009 21:30:43 -0000
Publication year: 2009Source: Thoracic Surgery Clinics, Volume 19, Issue 4, November 2009, Pages 451-461Priscilla P.L., Chiu , Jacob C., Langer

Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery current issue

Lung function evaluation before surgery in lung cancer patients: how are recent advances put into practice? A survey among members of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) and of the Thoracic Oncology Section of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) [Editorial - Thoracic oncologic]
Charloux, A., Brunelli, A., Bolliger, C. T., Rocco, G., Sculier, J.-P., Varela, G., Licker, M., Ferguson, M. K., Faivre-Finn, C., Huber, R. M., Clini, E. M., Win, T., De Ruysscher, D., Goldman, L., on behalf of the European Respiratory Society and European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Joint Task Force on Fitness for Radical Therapy
Controlled antegrade single lung reperfusion during double lung transplant [New ideas - Pulmonary]
Khalpey, Z., Gilfeather, M. S., Camp, P. C., Jaklitsch, M. T. Prompt controlled reperfusion of a pulmonary allograft in a sequential double lung transplant may correct cellular ischemia prior to exposure to full hydrostatic pressures and minimize organ dysfunction. We reviewed the process of a sequential double lung transplant and describe the technique of controlled antegrade graft reperfusion of the initial implant as performed at our institution.
Influence of major pulmonary resection on postoperative daily ambulatory activity of the patients [Work in progress report - Thoracic non-oncologic]
Novoa, N., Varela, G., Jimenez, M. F., Aranda, J. L. To describe and compare the daily ambulatory activity of the patients before and one month after major lung resection. Daily activity was measured using a pedometer (OMROM Walking Style PRO®) given preoperatively in a prospective way to a series of 21 consecutive cases scheduled for lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Analyzed variables were age, pulmonary function, mean number of total and aerobic steps per day, walked distance and mean daily time of aerobic activity. Activity variables were analyzed individually and as a new differential variable DELTA. Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney nonparametric tests were used for comparison between groups. General series data: 19 male. Age: 63±10.9 years. FEV1%: 88.4±22.7. DLCO: 86.2±21.6. Eleven cases had COPD criteria. Type of surgery: 3 pneumonectomy/18 lobectomy. Activity data: all patients showed a global decrease of their activity one month after surgery but, patients in the pneumonectomy group are unable to keep aerobic activity meanwhile patients that undergone lobectomy showed only a 25% reduction in the measured variables. Major pulmonary resection decreases the time and the quality of the daily ambulatory activity of the patients during the first postoperative month. Despite limitations, the chosen pedometer OMRON Walking Style Pro® is an efficient tool to evaluate the perioperative daily ambulatory activity of patients.
Graft fixation with a side graft holder for sequential and composite graft anastomosis in coronary artery bypass surgery [Work in progress report - Coronary]
Shimamura, Y., Hayashi, I. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of graft fixation with a novel side graft holder for sequential or composite graft anastomosis in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Records of 34 patients who underwent CABG using sequential or composite graft anastomosis technique were reviewed. The device was used on 47 anastomoses (sequential=43; composite graft=4). Excellent fixation and visualization of the graft was obtained in all patients without graft injury. Postoperative angiographic patency rate of distal anastomoses was 95.2% (arterial, 91.2%; venous, 96.7%). All sequential and composite graft anastomoses were patent and without stenosis. One operative death occurred due to low cardiac output after emergent CABG for acute myocardial infarction. No elective patient died during hospitalization. Postoperative complications occurred in two patients (ventricular fibrillation, 1; postoperative catheter intervention, 1). No perioperative myocardial infarctions or re-operations occurred. Our clinical experience shows that graft fixation with the device is safe, reliable, and effective for sequential and composite graft anastomosis during CABG.
Effect of 5-azacytidine induction duration on differentiation of human first-trimester fetal mesenchymal stem cells towards cardiomyocyte-like cells [Work in progress report - Experimental]
Zhang, Y., Chu, Y., Shen, W., Dou, Z. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of 5-azacytidine (5-aza) induction duration on differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human first-trimester abortus (hfMSCs) towards cardiomyocyte-like cells. hfMSCs were stimulated with 10 µmol/l 5-aza for 24 h (group A), 48 h (group B) and 21 days (group C), respectively. During the induction, 30–40% of the cells gradually enlarged, elongated, connected with adjoining cells and formed myotube-like structures, branches and string-bead-like nuclei. Some of the cells congregated into cell clusters or strips. After the induction, numerous myofilaments in the cytoplasm and conjunction of intercalated disc-like structure between adjoining cells were observed. The induced cells expressed messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) and proteins of myocardium-specific -actin, sarcomeric β-myocin heavy chain and troponin-T. The positive cell percentages for the three antigens in group C were each significantly higher than those antigens in group A and B (P<0.01) and the cell population doubling time (PDT) of group C was longer than those of group A and B (P<0.01). These indicate that 21-d induction with 10 µmol/l 5-aza slows down proliferation speed of hfMSCs but increases differentiation rate of hfMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells if compared with 24–48 h induction.
Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic pathology in renal transplant recipients: early and intermediate-term results [Work in progress report - Aortic and aneurysmal]
Da Rocha, M., Zarka, Z. A., Riambau, V. A. Endovascular correction of aorta thoracic pathology in renal transplant patients is a challenge. The aim of this study is to review early and intermediate-term results of endovascular repair of thoracic aorta pathology in patients with functioning previous renal transplant. The records of 81 patients submitted to a thoracic endograft between 2003 and 2008 were reviewed. Five patients with six previous renal transplants were submitted to six thoracic endografting. Two were women. The mean age was 55.4 years (range, 43–75 years). There were two patients with type B aortic dissection, one penetrating ulcer, one aneurysm of the aortic arch and one descending thoracic aorta aneurysm. Three patients underwent hybrid procedures: two total supra-aortic transpositions and one partial transposition of visceral trunks. Three patients presented postoperative complications. There were two cases of pneumonia, one acute limb ischemia and a stroke, with an early death. The mean follow-up was 16.2 months (range, 1–40 months). In this period all patients sustained renal function without any related complication. Despite the fact that it is a small series, in our clinical experience, endovascular thoracic aortic surgery can be performed as an alternative to open correction, in high-risk patients with a previous working renal transplant.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery current issue

Aortic Dissection Complicating Intraaortic Balloon Pumping: Percutaneous Management of Delayed Spinal Cord Ischemia [CASE REPORTS]
Trabattoni, P., Zoli, S., Dainese, L., Spirito, R., Biglioli, P., Agrifoglio, M. Iatrogenic acute type B dissection is a rare complication of intraaortic balloon pumping. Delayed visceral and spinal cord malperfusion can occur for distal progression of the dissection or relative hypotension. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage and percutaneous balloon fenestration provide a safe and effective method for managing ischemic complications.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy After Coronary Intervention Developed During Hospitalization [CASE REPORTS]
Hussain, J., Laufer, N., Sorrof, S., Pershad, A. Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized syndrome characterized by transient apical or midventricular dysfunction that mimics myocardial infarction in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. We describe a case of takotsubo syndrome that developed in an anxious patient within a few hours after a coronary interventional procedure. We believe that this will be the first case of takotsubo syndrome that developed in an inpatient after a coronary procedure, who was very concerned and anxious before the procedure.
Multiple Papillary Fibroelastomas of the Heart [CASE REPORTS]
Kumar, T. K. S., Kuehl, K., Reyes, C., Talwar, S., Moulick, A., Jonas, R. A. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with extensive papillary fibroelastomas of the heart after multiple previous surgical procedures for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This case is significant because of the locally aggressive nature of the cardiac papillary fibroelastoma.

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