A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:

• a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.
• a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
• however, some publications issued at stated intervals, such as a magazine or the record of the transactions of society such as a scientific journal or academic journals in general, are called a journal. Journal, then, is sometimes used as a synonym for "magazine".

The word "journalist" for one whose business is writing for the public press has been in use since the end of the 17th century.

"Journal" is also applied to the record, day by day, of the business and proceedings of a public body:

• The journals of the British Houses of Parliament contain an official record of the business transacted day by day in either house. The record does not take note of speeches, though some of the earlier volumes contain references to them. The journals are a lengthened account written from the "Votes and Proceedings" (in the House of Lords called "Minutes of Proceedings"), made day by day by the Clerks at the Table, and printed on the responsibility of the Clerk of the House. In the Commons the Votes and Proceedings, but not the Journal, bear the Speaker's signature in fulfilment of a former order that he should "peruse" them before publication. The journals of the British House of Commons begin in the first year of the reign of Edward VI in 1547, and are complete, except for a short interval under Elizabeth I. Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of Henry VIII in 1509. Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in the rolls of parliament, which extend from 1278 to 1503. The journals of the Lords are "records" in the judicial sense, those of the Commons are not (see Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 1906, pp. 201-202).
• Section 5 of Article I of the United States Constitution requires the Congress of the United States to keep a journal of its proceedings. This journal, the Congressional Record is published by the Government Printing Office.

Journals of this sort are also often referred to as minutes.

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Journal of Orthopaedic Science (Online First™)

Repair of critical long bone defects using frozen bone allografts coated with an rhBMP-2-retaining paste
Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:21:07 -0000
Abstract Background  Massive frozen stocked allogeneic bone grafts are often used to reconstruct large bone defects caused by trauma or tumor resections. However, the long-term failure rate of such massive allografts was reported to be 25% because of infection, fracture, and nonunion. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2-retaining paste to promote the osteogenic potential of frozen stocked allogeneic bone grafts to repair intercalated femoral shaft defects in a rat model. Methods  After confirming the transplantation intolerance between two rat strains (Wistar and Lewis) by skin transplantation from Lewis rats to Wistar rats, an 8-mm-long bone segment was removed from the Wistar rats, and a frozen stocked allograft coated with the rhBMP-2-retaining paste from the Lewis rats was placed into the defect and subjected to intramedullary fixation with an 18-gauge injection needle pin. The allografted femurs were evaluated by radiographic, histologic, and biomechanical examinations at specified time points. Results  The results revealed successful repair of critical-size cortical bone defects by implanting frozen stocked allografts coated with the rhBMP-2-retaining synthetic biodegradable carrier paste from an immunologically intolerant host. Conclusions  This experimental study suggest that allogeneic bone grafting in combination with rhBMP-2 and its local delivery system may represent an innovative approach to the reconstruction of bone defects. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00776-012-0196-xAuthors Hiroyuki Yasuda, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanKoichi Yano, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanShigeyuki Wakitani, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanTomiya Matsumoto, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanHiroaki Nakamura, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanKunio Takaoka, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658
Consecutive multilevel vertebral Paget’s disease of the lumbar spine: a rare Asian case and the differential diagnosis
Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:58:04 -0000
Consecutive multilevel vertebral Paget’s disease of the lumbar spine: a rare Asian case and the differential diagnosis Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00776-011-0181-9Authors Guang-Sheng Li, Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 183 Huangpu East Road, 510700 Guangzhou, ChinaHou-Qing Long, Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 183 Huangpu East Road, 510700 Guangzhou, ChinaEr-Jian Lin, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 183 Huangpu East Road, 510700 Guangzhou, ChinaHao-Miao Li, Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 183 Huangpu East Road, 510700 Guangzhou, ChinaShao-Yu Liu, Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 183 Huangpu East Road, 510700 Guangzhou, China Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658
The use of the Lima reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of fracture sequelae of the proximal humerus
Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:58:03 -0000
Abstract Background  Experience treating proximal humerus fracture sequelae with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is limited. We report our results. Patients  Forty-four patients with sequelae of a proximal humeral fracture were treated with a reverse total shoulder prosthesis. There were 26 women and 18 men, with a mean age of 77 years (range, 74–84 years). The mean follow-up after reverse arthroplasty was 48 months (range, 40–84 months). Results  The mean Constant score increased from 28 preoperatively to 58 postoperatively (p < 0.0001). The average anterior elevation increased from 40° to 100° (p < 0.0001), abduction from 41° to 95° (p < 0.0001), external rotation from 15° to 35° (p < 0.0001) and internal rotation from 25° to 60° (p < 0.0001). The average subjective shoulder score increased from 13% preoperatively to 56% postoperatively (p < 0.0001). All but six patients would undergo the same procedure again if faced with the same problem. Twenty-four patients were very satisfied, 14 satisfied and 6 unhappy with the operation. Six prosthetic dislocations occurred (13.6%). Two of them were successfully treated by adding an extension to the humeral neck component to increase the offset and tension. In the other four dislocations this procedure failed, and the prosthesis was revised and converted to a hemiarthroplasty. There was one case of glenoid component loosening that was converted to a hemiarthroplasty. Conclusions  The reverse total shoulder arthroplasty improves function and motion in patients with proximal humeral fracture sequelae. However, the dislocation rate is high. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00776-011-0185-5Authors Angel Antonio Martinez, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, C/Calamita s/n, Avda. Juan Pablo II, 48, 9°G, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainAngel Calvo, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, C/Calamita s/n, Avda. Juan Pablo II, 48, 9°G, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainCarlos Bejarano, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, C/Calamita s/n, Avda. Juan Pablo II, 48, 9°G, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainIgnacio Carbonel, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, C/Calamita s/n, Avda. Juan Pablo II, 48, 9°G, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainAntonio Herrera, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, C/Calamita s/n, Avda. Juan Pablo II, 48, 9°G, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658
The effects of rotator cuff tears, including shoulders without pain, on activities of daily living in the general population
Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:07:54 -0000
Abstract Background  Few reports have so far evaluated the possible restrictions of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with asymptomatic rotator cuff tears (RCTs). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of RCTs, including shoulders without pain, on ADL in the general population. Methods  We performed medical checkups on 462 individuals (924 shoulders). All participants completed a questionnaire regarding their background and medical history. We then assessed their shoulder functions with the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and performed US (US) examinations of both shoulders to diagnose RCTs. We divided participants into tear and nontear groups and performed statistical analysis to compare total SST scores and each SST item between groups. Furthermore, we performed the same examinations for participants identified as having shoulders without pain. Results  Among participants, those in the tear group showed significantly lower total SST scores than those in the nontear group. After examining each SST item, a significant difference was observed regarding the ability to sleep comfortably and to lift 3.6 kg to shoulder level. In shoulders without pain, the tear group showed significantly lower total SST scores than the nontear group. A significant difference was observed only regarding the ability to lift 3.6 kg to shoulder level. Conclusions  In the general population, ADL were restricted in participants with RCTs; they experienced night pain in the shoulder and muscle weakness during shoulder elevation. Furthermore, participants with RCTs, even if the condition itself did not induce any pain, tended to experience muscle weakness during shoulder elevation, thus resulting in restrictions of ADL. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00776-011-0186-4Authors Daisuke Nakajima, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, JapanAtsushi Yamamoto, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, JapanTsutomu Kobayashi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, JapanToshihisa Osawa, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki Hospital, 36, Takamatsu-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-8537, JapanHitoshi Shitara, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, JapanTsuyoshi Ichinose, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, JapanEiji Takasawa, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, JapanKenji Takagishi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658
A case of selective arterial embolization for recurrent hemarthrosis after total knee arthroplasty
Wed, 11 Jan 2012 17:55:19 -0000
A case of selective arterial embolization for recurrent hemarthrosis after total knee arthroplasty Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00776-011-0192-6Authors Yasunobu Takezawa, Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 JapanYuji Arai, Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 JapanShinya Fujita, Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 JapanTakuji Yamagami, Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 JapanOsamu Tanaka, Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 JapanToshikazu Kubo, Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658
Myositis ossificans of the rotator cuff muscle
Tue, 10 Jan 2012 17:01:36 -0000
Myositis ossificans of the rotator cuff muscle Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00776-011-0187-3Authors Taku Hatta, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 JapanMasahito Hatori, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, 2-3-11 Kokubuncho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0803 JapanHirotaka Sano, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 JapanMunenori Watanuki, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 JapanKoshi N. Kishimoto, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 JapanMasami Hosaka, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 JapanEiji Itoi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658

pubmed: 1745-3674

Necrobiosis and T-lymphocyte infiltration in retrieved aseptically loosened metal-on-polyethylene arthroplasties.
von Domarus C, Rosenberg JP, Rüther W, Zustin J Necrobiosis and T-lymphocyte infiltration in retrieved aseptically loosened metal-on-polyethylene arthroplasties. Acta Orthop. 2011 Oct;82(5):596-601 Authors: von Domarus C, Rosenberg JP, Rüther W, Zustin J Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Soft tissue necrobiosis and T-lymphocyte infiltration within the periprosthetic soft tissue have been linked to a suggested hypersensitivity reaction of the delayed-type following the metal-on-metal arthroplasty. While we observed both synovial necrobiosis and lymphocyte infiltrates in synovial tissues with failed metal-on-polyethylene prostheses, we hypothesized that both findings are unspecific for metal-on-metal bearing coupes. Thus, we wished to quantify the extent of necrobiosis and the amount of T-lymphocyte infiltration in aseptically loosened metal-on-polyethylene prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 28 consecutive synovial biopsy specimens obtained at revision surgery of aseptically loosened metal-on-polyethylene prostheses (19 hips and 9 knees) and quantified both the extent of necrobiosis vertically and the density of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes within the joint capsular tissue. We excluded patients with inflammatory skeletal disease or with a history of metal hypersensitivity. RESULTS: We found necrobiosis in 23 of 28 cases and it was most often connected with the superficial portions of the synovium. Necrobiosis of deeper tissues was seen in 8 specimens and it was strongly associated with superficial necrobiosis. While CD3+ lymphocytes were detected in each biopsy, 4 cases with more than 300 CD3+ lymphocytes were identified in the group of 26 cases that presented with more than 100 CD3+ lymphocytes within one high-power field. 16 cases with more than 100 CD3+ lymphocytes also showed concomitant superficial necrobiosis of the synovium. In the inflammatory infiltration of periprosthetic synovium, CD8+ lymphocytes predominated over CD4+ cells. INTERPRETATION: Synovial necrobiosis and infiltration of T-lymphocytes are common findings in tissues around aseptically loosened metal-on-polyethylene arthroplasty in patients without a clinically suspected metal hypersensitivity reaction. Thus, neither necrobiosis nor infiltration of T-lymphocytes should be considered to be specific for failed metal-on-metal bearings or metal hypersensitivity reaction. PMID: 22112191 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Total hip replacement in young adults with hip dysplasia.
George H, Nikolaos T, Engessster IØ Total hip replacement in young adults with hip dysplasia. Acta Orthop. 2011 Oct;82(5):635-6 Authors: George H, Nikolaos T, Engessster IØ PMID: 22103282 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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