A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:

• a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.
• a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
• however, some publications issued at stated intervals, such as a magazine or the record of the transactions of society such as a scientific journal or academic journals in general, are called a journal. Journal, then, is sometimes used as a synonym for "magazine".

The word "journalist" for one whose business is writing for the public press has been in use since the end of the 17th century.

"Journal" is also applied to the record, day by day, of the business and proceedings of a public body:

• The journals of the British Houses of Parliament contain an official record of the business transacted day by day in either house. The record does not take note of speeches, though some of the earlier volumes contain references to them. The journals are a lengthened account written from the "Votes and Proceedings" (in the House of Lords called "Minutes of Proceedings"), made day by day by the Clerks at the Table, and printed on the responsibility of the Clerk of the House. In the Commons the Votes and Proceedings, but not the Journal, bear the Speaker's signature in fulfilment of a former order that he should "peruse" them before publication. The journals of the British House of Commons begin in the first year of the reign of Edward VI in 1547, and are complete, except for a short interval under Elizabeth I. Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of Henry VIII in 1509. Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in the rolls of parliament, which extend from 1278 to 1503. The journals of the Lords are "records" in the judicial sense, those of the Commons are not (see Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 1906, pp. 201-202).
• Section 5 of Article I of the United States Constitution requires the Congress of the United States to keep a journal of its proceedings. This journal, the Congressional Record is published by the Government Printing Office.

Journals of this sort are also often referred to as minutes.

More on [ Journal ]

Current Opinion in Orthopaedics - Current Table Of Contents


Journal of Orthopaedic Science

Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study on whiplash injury patients: minimum 10-year follow-up
Sat, 03 Oct 2009 06:34:00 -0000
Abstract Background  We conducted a prospective long-term follow-up study to assess associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and changes in clinical symptoms, as well as factors relating to the prognosis of symptoms. Methods  A total of 133 patients with acute whiplash injury between 1993 and 1996 participated in this follow-up study. They underwent neurological examinations by spine surgeons and second MRI scans of the cervical spine were obtained. They also filled out a questionnaire regarding cervical symptoms and the accident details. The items evaluated by MRI were (1) a decrease in the signal intensity of the intervertebral disc; (2) anterior compression of the dura and the spinal cord; (3) posterior disc protrusion; (4) disc space narrowing; and (5) foraminal stenosis. Relations between the presence/absence of degenerative changes on MRI, accident details, and patients’ symptoms were assessed by calculating the adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results  Progression of some degenerative changes was recognized on MRI in 98.5% of the 133 whiplash injury patients, and clinical symptoms diminished in more than a half of the 133 patients. There were no statistically significant associations between MRI findings and changes in clinical symptoms. The prognosis for neck pain tended to be poor after accidents with double collisions (rear-end collision followed by frontend collision) [adjusted OR 5.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-29.71] and accidents with serious car damage (2.87, 1.03–7.99). The prognosis for stiff shoulders tended to be poor in women (2.83, 1.23–6.51); and the prognosis for numbness in the upper extremities tended to be poor after accidents with serious car damage (3.39, 1.14–10.06). Conclusions  This study demonstrated that progression of degenerative changes of the cervical spine on MRI was not associated with clinical symptoms during the 10-year period after whiplash injury. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1378-zAuthors Daisuke Ichihara, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanEijiro Okada, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanKazuhiro Chiba, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanYoshiaki Toyama, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanHirokazu Fujiwara, Keio University Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine Tokyo JapanSuketaka Momoshima, Keio University Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine Tokyo JapanYuji Nishiwaki, Keio University Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine Tokyo JapanTakeshi Hashimoto, Keio University Tsukigase Rehabilitation Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shizuoka JapanJun Ogawa, Kyorin University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo JapanMasahiko Watanabe, Tokai University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kanagawa JapanTakeshi Takahata, Isehara Kyodo Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kanagawa JapanMorio Matsumoto, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku Tokyo 160-8582 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 5 / September, 2009
Regulation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis in cells derived from chondrocytes of patients with osteoarthritis
Sat, 03 Oct 2009 06:34:00 -0000
Abstract Background  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder that causes pain and degeneration of the joint over a chronic time course. Chondrocytes in OA play important roles in maintaining the homeostasis of the joint while they produce many cytokines and pathological mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenases (COX), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). To elucidate the mechanisms of pain due to OA, the pathway of PGE2 synthesis was analyzed using cells derived from chondrocytes obtained from patients with OA. Methods  Chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage samples obtained at the time of joint replacement surgery from patients with OA. The chondrocytes at the second passage were cultured with or without IL-1β, dexamethasone (DEX), or COX inhibitors such as NS-398, meloxicam, and indomethacin. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis were performed to study the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to investigate the translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus, and Western blotting analysis was performed to study the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Results  IL-1β markedly enhanced the expression of COX-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) at both the mRNA and protein levels. The up-regulation was suppressed by DEX or COX inhibitors. IL-1β strongly increased the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase; but the up-regulation was not inhibited by DEX or COX inhibitors. Interestingly, in a dose-dependent manner, PGE2 recovered mPGES-1 expression from suppression by DEX, whereas it did not restore the expression of COX-2 in the presence of DEX and IL-1β. Conclusions  These results suggested that in cells derived from OA chondrocytes different mechanisms of regulation exist between mPGES-1 and COX-2, and the expression of mPGES-1 was, at least partially, regulated through the autocrine positive feedback by PGE2. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1370-7Authors Hisashi Shimpo, Tokoname Municipal Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery 4-5 Koiehonmachi, Tokoname Aichi 479-8510 JapanTadahiro Sakai, Nagoya University Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nagoya JapanSeiji Kondo, Chukyo Women’s University Department of Physical Education, Junior College Nagoya JapanShinji Mishima, Tokyo Kosei Nenkin Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tokyo JapanMasaki Yoda, Nagoya University Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nagoya JapanHideki Hiraiwa, Nagoya University Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nagoya JapanNaoki Ishiguro, Nagoya University Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nagoya Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 5 / September, 2009
Atelocollagen-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation for the repair of chondral defects of the knee: a prospective multicenter clinical trial in Japan
Sat, 03 Oct 2009 06:33:59 -0000
Abstract Background  New tissue-engineering technology was developed to create a cartilage-like tissue in a three-dimensional culture using atelocollagen gel. The minimum 2-year followup outcome of transplanting autologous chondrocytes cultured in atelocollagen gel for the treatment of full-thickness defects of cartilage in knees was reported from the single institution. The present multicenter study was conducted to determine clinical and arthroscopic outcomes in patients who underwent atelocollagen-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation for the repair of chondral defects of the knees. Methods  At six medical institutes in Japan, we prospectively evaluated the clinical and arthroscopic outcomes of transplanting autologous chondrocytes cultured in atelocollagen gel for the treatment of full-thickness defects of cartilage in 27 patients (27 knees) with cartilage lesions on a femoral condyle or on a patellar facet over 24 months. Results  The Lysholm score significantly increased from 60.0 ± 13.7 points to 89.8 ± 9.5 points (P = 0.001). Concerning the ICRS grade for arthroscopic appearance, 6 knees (24%) were assessed as grade I (normal) and 17 knees (68%) as grade II (nearly normal). There were few adverse features, except for detachment of the graft in two cases. Conclusions  We concluded that transplanting chondrocytes in a newly formed matrix of atelocollagen gel can promote restoration of the articular cartilage of the knee. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1384-1Authors H. Tohyama, Hokkaido University School of Medicine Department of Sports Medicine Kita-15 Nishi-7 Sapporo 060-8638 JapanK. Yasuda, Hokkaido University School of Medicine Department of Sports Medicine Kita-15 Nishi-7 Sapporo 060-8638 JapanA. Minami, Hokkaido University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sapporo, Hokkaido JapanT. Majima, Hokkaido University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sapporo, Hokkaido JapanN. Iwasaki, Hokkaido University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sapporo, Hokkaido JapanT. Muneta, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo JapanI. Sekiya, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo JapanK. Yagishita, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo JapanS. Takahashi, Mitsubishi Nagoya Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nagoya JapanK. Kurokouchi, Mitsubishi Nagoya Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nagoya JapanY. Uchio, Shimane University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Izumo, Shimane JapanJ. Iwasa, Shimane University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Izumo, Shimane JapanM. Deie, Hiroshima University Department of Orthopedics Hiroshima JapanN. Adachi, Hiroshima University Department of Orthopedics Hiroshima JapanK. Sugawara, Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd. Gamagori JapanM. Ochi, Hiroshima University Department of Orthopedics Hiroshima Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 5 / September, 2009
Direct detection of pathogens in osteoarticular infections by polymerase chain reaction amplification and microarray hybridization
Sat, 03 Oct 2009 06:33:58 -0000
Abstract Background  Molecular biological techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA microarray are used for the detection/identification of microorganisms; however, few reports have discussed the clinical utility of microarray analysis for identification of causative organisms of osteoarticular infections. It is important to examine the utility of PCR amplification followed by analysis of DNA microarray carrying specific oligonucleotides. Methods  This study included 101 biological samples obtained from 96 patients who underwent conservative and/or surgical treatment for osteoarticular infections. In this double-blind comparative study, routine conventional testing and the research groups were unaware of each other’s interpretation until identical specimens were identified by culture and microarray analysis. Results  Results of PCR microarray analysis were positive for 25 samples and negative for the remaining 76 samples within 24 h, and the results of the cultures (available after a mean of 3.54 days) were positive in 26 samples and negative for the remaining 75 samples. The sensitivity of microarray analysis was 84.6% (22/26) and specificity was 88.0% (22/25). Discrepant results were identified in seven samples, including a negative culture and a positive microarray in three cases and a positive culture and a negative microarray in four other cases. Conclusions  The PCR microarray analysis is complementary to routine cultures in identifying causative microorganisms and should be used in patients with highly suspected infections and negative bacterial culture and in patients who require prompt diagnosis and early initiation of antibiotic therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1373-4Authors Kenzo Uchida, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanTakafumi Yayama, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanYasuo Kokubo, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanTsuyoshi Miyazaki, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanHideaki Nakajima, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanKohei Negoro, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanKenichi Takeno, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanElisa S. Mwaka, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanNorbert T. Orwotho, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanMitsunobu Shimadzu, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation R&D and Business Planning Department Tokyo JapanShigeru Kobayashi, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 JapanHisatoshi Baba, Fukui University Faculty of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine Matsuoka Shimoaizuki 23 Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 5 / September, 2009
Increased p21 expression in chondrocytes of achondroplasic children independently from the presence of the G380R FGFR3 mutation
Sat, 03 Oct 2009 06:33:58 -0000
Abstract Background  Achondroplasia (ACH) represents the major cause of dwarfism and is due to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. The cellular mechanisms involved in the reduced growth have been mainly described for in vitro or in vivo models, but few data have been obtained for humans. Methods  Thirteen children with ACH were enrolled in the study; the presence of FGFR3 mutations was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing, whereas protein expression in cartilage biopsy was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results  Chondrocytes in cartilage biopsies of ACH children were characterized by the presence of growth arrest mediated by STAT activation (both STAT1 and STAT5) and increased expression of p21 and cyclin D1, whereas no expression of either p53 or cyclin D3 could be detected. This mechanism was present in ACH children carrying the G380R mutation but also in a patient in whom no mutation could be detected in the entire coding region of the FGFR3 gene. Conclusions  These data thus demonstrate the presence of a common final mechanism involving p21 and possibly leading to a block in chondrocyte proliferation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1355-6Authors Antonina Parafioriti, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini Pathology Department piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1 20122 Milan ItalySilvia del Bianco, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini Pathology Department piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1 20122 Milan ItalyDonatella Barisani, University of Milano Bicocca Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine via Cadore 48 20052 Monza (MI) ItalyElisabetta Armiraglio, Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini Pathology Department piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1 20122 Milan ItalyGiovanni Peretti, University of Milano and Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini Orthopaedic Division, Faculty of Medicine Milan ItalyWalter Albisetti, University of Milano and Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini Orthopaedic Division, Faculty of Medicine Milan Italy Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 5 / September, 2009
Assessment of thrombotic risk factors predisposing to thromboembolic complications in prosthetic orthopedic surgery
Sat, 03 Oct 2009 06:33:57 -0000
Abstract Background  Congenital thrombophilia is responsible for thromboembolic complications despite prolonged low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis following hip and knee endoprosthesis surgery. Methods  A series of 86 patients with hip or knee endoprosthesis surgery were assessed 1 year after operation. Antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S were determined, and the activated protein C sensitivity ratio was measured. We screened for the presence of lupus anticoagulant, factor V Leiden mutation, and polymorphism of prothrombin G20210A. The lower limb venous circulation was monitored by color Doppler ultrasonography. Pulmonary embolism (PE) was diagnosed using ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy. Results  In all, 33 patients had thromboembolic complications, 18 with thrombophilia (7 with combined form). Of the 53 patients without complications 12 had thrombophilia (2 with combined form). The differences were statistically significant. The risk score, the prevalence of FV Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations, and lupus anticoagulant were also significantly higher in the symptomatic group. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) developed preoperatively in 15 patients; DVT and PE in 4 patients; thrombophilia was diagnosed in 53% and 75% of these cases. In all, 17 patients had postoperative thromboembolic complications: DVT developed in nine and PE in one patient (all with thrombophilia); DVT + PE developed in seven patients (all but one had thrombophilia). Conclusions  Significant differences were found in the incidence (P ≤ 0.01) of thrombophilia and the risk score (P ≤ 0.02) between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. We recommend preoperative thrombophilia screening for patients with a history or familial prevalence of thromboembolism and/or with a high risk score (≥15). In cases of thrombophilia, the form and duration of anticoagulant treatment must be decided individually. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1368-1Authors Gabriella Szücs, University of Debrecen, Health and Medical Science Centre Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care H-4032, Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98 Debrecen 4032 HungaryÉva Ajzner, University of Debrecen, Health and Medical Science Centre Clinical Research Center Debrecen HungaryLászló Muszbek, University of Debrecen, Health and Medical Science Centre Clinical Research Center Debrecen HungaryTünde Simon, University of Debrecen, Health and Medical Science Centre Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care H-4032, Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98 Debrecen 4032 HungaryKálmán Szepesi, University of Debrecen, Health and Medical Science Centre Department of Orthopedics Debrecen HungaryBéla Fülesdi, University of Debrecen, Health and Medical Science Centre Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care H-4032, Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98 Debrecen 4032 Hungary Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 5 / September, 2009

pubmed: 1745-3674

Surgery for scapula process fractures.
Anavian J, Wijdicks CA, Schroder LK, Vang S, Cole PA Related Articles Surgery for scapula process fractures. Acta Orthop. 2009;80(3):344-350 Authors: Anavian J, Wijdicks CA, Schroder LK, Vang S, Cole PA Background Generally, scapula process fractures (coracoid and acromion) have been treated nonoperatively with favorable outcome, with the exception of widely displaced fractures. Very little has been published, however, regarding the operative management of such fractures and the literature that is available involves very few patients. Our hypothesis was that operative treatment of displaced acromion and coracoid fractures is a safe and effective treatment that yields favorable surgical results. Methods We reviewed 26 consecutive patients (27 fractures) treated between 1998 and 2007. Operative indications for these process fractures included either a painful nonunion, a concomitant ipsilateral operative scapula fracture, >/= 1 cm of displacement on X-ray, or a multiple disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. All patients were followed until they were asymptomatic, displayed radiographic fracture union, and had recovered full motion with no pain. Patients and results 21 males and 5 females, mean age 36 (18-67) years, were included in the study. 18 patients had more than one indication for surgery. Of the 27 fractures, there were 13 acromion fractures and 14 coracoid fractures. 1 patient was treated for both a coracoid and an acromion fracture. Fracture patterns for the acromion included 6 acromion base fractures and 7 fractures distal to the base. Coracoid fracture patterns included 11 coracoid base fractures and 3 fractures distal to the base. Mean follow-up was 11 (2-42) months. All fractures united and all patients had recovered full motion with no pain at the time of final follow-up. 3 patients underwent removal of hardware due to irritation from hardware components that were too prominent. There were no other complications. Interpretation While most acromion and coracoid fractures can be treated nonoperatively with satisfactory results, operative management may be indicated for displaced fractures and double lesions of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. PMID: 19857183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Growth rate after limb deformity correction by the Ilizarov method with or without knee joint distraction.
Oostenbroek HJ, Brand R, van Roermund PM Related Articles Growth rate after limb deformity correction by the Ilizarov method with or without knee joint distraction. Acta Orthop. 2009;80(3):338-343 Authors: Oostenbroek HJ, Brand R, van Roermund PM Background and purpose Growth inhibition and stimulation have both been reported after juvenile limb lengthening. Distraction of a joint usually suspends and unloads the growth plate and may stimulate growth. We investigated the influence of knee joint distraction on the speed of growth after limb lengthening. Methods In a retrospective study, growth patterns were analyzed in 30 children mean 61 (24-109) months after limb lengthening with the Ilizarov method, each child having more than 2 years of remaining growth. In 14 patients with knee joint instability, the knee was bridged over during lengthening for joint stabilization. Whether or not joint bridging and distraction would affect patterns of growth of the lengthened limb by unloading the growth plate was evaluated with a repeated measurements analysis of variance. Results After lengthening procedures, the proportionate leg-length discrepancy was found to decrease in 16 children, suggesting increased growth rate in the lengthened limbs. A statistically significantly faster growth rate was seen in 8 of 14 patients with knee distraction as compared to patients with single bone frame configurations. Interpretation Further research is required to investigate whether growth stimulation is due to the surgical technique and whether joint distraction should be recommended during limb lengthening in growing children. PMID: 19857182 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The osteogenic response of undifferentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to mechanical strain is inversely related to body mass index of the donor.
Friedl G, Windhager R, Schmidt H, Aigner R Related Articles The osteogenic response of undifferentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to mechanical strain is inversely related to body mass index of the donor. Acta Orthop. 2009;80(4):491-498 Authors: Friedl G, Windhager R, Schmidt H, Aigner R Background While the importance of physical factors in the maintenance and regeneration of bone tissue has been recognized for many years and the mechano-sensitivity of bone cells is well established, there is increasing evidence that body fat constitutes an independent risk factor for complications in bone fracture healing and aseptic loosening of implants. Although mechanical causes have been widely suggested, we hypothesized that the osteogenic mechano-response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) may be altered in obese patients. Methods We determined the phenotypic and genotypic response of undifferentiated hMSCs of 10 donors to cyclic tensile strain (CTS) under controlled in vitro conditions and analyzed the potential relationship relevant to the donor's anthropomorphometric and biochemical parameters related to donor's fat and bone metabolism. Results and interpretation The osteogenic marker genes were all statistically significantly upregulated by CTS, which was accompanied by a significant increase in cell-based ALP activity. Linear correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between phenotypic CTS response and the body mass index of the donor (r = -0.91, p < 0.001) and phenotypic CTS response was also significantly related to leptin levels (r = -0.68) and estradiol levels (r = 0.67) within the bone marrow microenvironment of the donor. Such an upstream imprinting process mediated by factors tightly related to the donor's fat metabolism, which hampers the mechanosensitivity of hMSCs in obese patients, may be of pathogenetic relevance for the complications associated with obesity that are seen in orthopedic surgery. PMID: 19857181 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Subscribe to Journals RSS feed

Live Webcast: Vanguard Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty