A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:

• a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.
• a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
• however, some publications issued at stated intervals, such as a magazine or the record of the transactions of society such as a scientific journal or academic journals in general, are called a journal. Journal, then, is sometimes used as a synonym for "magazine".

The word "journalist" for one whose business is writing for the public press has been in use since the end of the 17th century.

"Journal" is also applied to the record, day by day, of the business and proceedings of a public body:

• The journals of the British Houses of Parliament contain an official record of the business transacted day by day in either house. The record does not take note of speeches, though some of the earlier volumes contain references to them. The journals are a lengthened account written from the "Votes and Proceedings" (in the House of Lords called "Minutes of Proceedings"), made day by day by the Clerks at the Table, and printed on the responsibility of the Clerk of the House. In the Commons the Votes and Proceedings, but not the Journal, bear the Speaker's signature in fulfilment of a former order that he should "peruse" them before publication. The journals of the British House of Commons begin in the first year of the reign of Edward VI in 1547, and are complete, except for a short interval under Elizabeth I. Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of Henry VIII in 1509. Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in the rolls of parliament, which extend from 1278 to 1503. The journals of the Lords are "records" in the judicial sense, those of the Commons are not (see Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 1906, pp. 201-202).
• Section 5 of Article I of the United States Constitution requires the Congress of the United States to keep a journal of its proceedings. This journal, the Congressional Record is published by the Government Printing Office.

Journals of this sort are also often referred to as minutes.

More on [ Journal ]

Current Opinion in Orthopaedics - Current Table Of Contents


Journal of Orthopaedic Science

Effects of hyaluronan on vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor-2 expression in a rabbit osteoarthritis model
Fri, 05 Jun 2009 08:56:45 -0000
Abstract Background  Little is known about the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) mRNA in the cartilage of a rabbit osteoarthritis model or the influence of intraarticular injection of hyaluronan (HA) on the expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2 in cartilage during the process of osteoarthritis (OA). The therapeutic mechanism of HA is not completely understood, and we hypothesize that the mechanism is through the effects of VEGF and VEGFR2. In this study, we determined the VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression in a rabbit OA model and assessed the therapeutic mechanism of HA against OA. Methods  We carried out this study at the Center Laboratory of Renmin Hospital at Wuhan University and the Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of the Ministry of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Between October 2006 and April 2008 a total of 24 mature New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups: normal controls, a no-HA group, and an HA group. The no-HA and HA groups underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection. At 4 weeks after the operation, animals in the HA group received intraarticular injections of 1% sodium hyaluronate (HA) once a week for 5 weeks as per the clinical treatment presently utilized. The no-HA rabbits were not given HA. At death, 11 weeks following surgery, cartilage was harvested and total RNA was extracted. VEGF and VEGFR mRNAs were analyzed using the reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR for each group. Results  Cartilage damage (both extent and grade) was less severe in the HA group than in the no-HA group. VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression was enhanced in the cartilage of the OA model. Intraarticular 1% sodium hyaluronate injection inhibited VEGFR-2 expression but had no effect on reducing the VEGF mRNA expression in cartilage. Conclusions  These results suggested that VEGF and VEGFR-2 may be involved in the progression of OA and in the therapeutic mechanism of HA at least partly through the influence of VEGFR-2 expression during the development of OA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1329-8Authors Jian-Lin Zhou, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Department of Orthopedics Wuhan 430060 Hubei Province People’s Republic of ChinaShi-Qing Liu, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Department of Orthopedics Wuhan 430060 Hubei Province People’s Republic of ChinaBo Qiu, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Department of Orthopedics Wuhan 430060 Hubei Province People’s Republic of ChinaQiong-Jie Hu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ministry of Public Health Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of ChinaJiang-Hua Ming, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Department of Orthopedics Wuhan 430060 Hubei Province People’s Republic of ChinaHao Peng, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Department of Orthopedics Wuhan 430060 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 3 / May, 2009
Intraspinal canal migration of distal occipitocervical instrumentation rods causing incomplete tetraplegia
Fri, 05 Jun 2009 08:56:45 -0000
Intraspinal canal migration of distal occipitocervical instrumentation rods causing incomplete tetraplegia Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00776-008-1321-8Authors Naohisa Miyakoshi, Akita University School of Medicine Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neuro and Locomotor Science Akita 010-8543 JapanYuji Kasukawa, Akita University School of Medicine Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neuro and Locomotor Science Akita 010-8543 JapanShigeru Ando, Akita University School of Medicine Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neuro and Locomotor Science Akita 010-8543 JapanMichio Hongo, Akita University School of Medicine Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neuro and Locomotor Science Akita 010-8543 JapanYoichi Shimada, Akita University School of Medicine Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neuro and Locomotor Science Akita 010-8543 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 3 / May, 2009
JOA Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ)/JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) The report on the development of revised versions April 16, 2007
Fri, 05 Jun 2009 08:56:44 -0000
JOA Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ)/JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) The report on the development of revised versions April 16, 2007 Content Type Journal ArticleCategory From the Japanese Orthopaedic AssociationDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1337-8Authors Mitsuru Fukui, Osaka City University Faculty of Medicine Laboratory of Statistics Osaka JapanKazuhiro Chiba, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanMamoru Kawakami, Wakayama Medical University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wakayama JapanShinichi Kikuchi, Fukushima Medical University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine Fukushima JapanShinichi Konno, Fukushima Medical University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine Fukushima JapanMasabumi Miyamoto, Nippon Medical School Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tokyo JapanAtsushi Seichi, The University of Tokyo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo JapanTadashi Shimamura, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Morioka JapanOsamu Shirado, Saitama Medical School Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Saitama JapanToshihiko Taguchi, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanKazuhisa Takahashi, Chiba University Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba JapanKatsushi Takeshita, The University of Tokyo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo JapanToshikazu Tani, Kochi Medical School Department of Orthopaedics Kochi JapanYoshiaki Toyama, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanKazuo Yonenobu, Hoshigaoka Koseinenkin Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Osaka JapanEiji Wada, Osaka-Minami Medical Center National Hospital Organization Osaka JapanTakashi Tanaka, Houai Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Osaka JapanYoshio Hirota, Osaka City University Faculty of Medicine Department of Public Health Osaka Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 3 / May, 2009
Dumbbell-shaped osteochondroma of the fifth rib causing spinal cord compression
Fri, 05 Jun 2009 08:56:44 -0000
Dumbbell-shaped osteochondroma of the fifth rib causing spinal cord compression Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00776-008-1323-6Authors Masaaki Chazono, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanFumiaki Masui, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanYasuhiko Kawaguchi, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanHiromichi Hazama, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanJunko Ueda, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanShigeru Saito, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanYoshitaka Ito, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanKentaro Kasama, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanKeisho Liu, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa-shi Chiba 277-8567 JapanKeishi Marumo, The Jikei University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 3 / May, 2009
Long-term impact of atlantoaxial arthrodesis on the pediatric cervical spine
Fri, 05 Jun 2009 08:56:40 -0000
Abstract Background  This study was conducted to elucidate radiographically the long-term impact of atlantoaxial arthrodesis on the pediatric cervical spine. Methods  The records of eight children who underwent atlantoaxial arthrodesis for the treatment of upper cervical spinal disorders and were followed up to their adulthood were retrospectively reviewed. Changes in the curvature of the whole cervical spine, and anteroposterior diameters of the spinal canal at C1 and C2 levels were investigated on lateral radiographs before surgery, at 6 months after surgery, and at the final follow-up. Results  The cervical curvature was lordosis or straight before surgery in all children and became sigmoid in six children at 6 months after surgery. At the final follow-up, three of the six children with postoperative sigmoid curvatures regained some degree of lordosis and became straight. The anteroposterior diameters of the spinal canal at C1 and C2 levels did not increase during the follow-up period. Conclusions  Development of postoperative malalignment of the lower cervical spine and impaired growth of the spinal canal at C1 and C2 levels are common after atlantoaxial arthrodesis in children. Postoperative malalignment diminishes during the follow-up period possibly due to remodeling of the pediatric cervical spine, although remodeling of the spinal canal diameter cannot be expected, suggesting the importance of anatomical reduction before or at the time of surgery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1324-0Authors Masayuki Ishikawa, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanMorio Matsumoto, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanKazuhiro Chiba, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanYoshiaki Toyama, Keio University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanKeiji Kobayashi, Higashi Kawaguchi Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Saitama Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 3 / May, 2009
Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with malignant lymphoma of bone
Fri, 05 Jun 2009 08:56:40 -0000
Abstract Background  The reliability of selected serum markers and radiological features for distinguishing malignant lymphoma of the bone from other osteolytic bone lesions was examined in an effort to improve the differential diagnosis. Methods  A total of 23 patients with histologically verified malignant lymphoma of the bone, 57 patients with other osteolytic malignancies (35 males, 22 females; mean age 62.8 years, range 13–89 years), and 13 patients with benign bone lesions that resemble malignant tumor radiographically (6 men, 7 women; mean age 48.1 years, range 20–73 years) were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), lactate dehydrogenase, and C-reactive protein in addition to radiographic examination and gallium-67 scanning. Results  Although every clinical feature examined was found to show significant differences between lymphoma and the other two groups, the feature most highly suggestive of malignant lymphoma is a high serum sIL-2R level (sensitivity 0.95, specificity 0.70, accuracy 0.81). Conclusions  The serum sIL-2R level can be a valuable marker for diagnosing malignant lymphoma of the bone. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1335-xAuthors Tsutomu Akahane, Shinshu University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto 390-8621 JapanTominaga Shimizu, Shinshu University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto 390-8621 JapanKen’ichi Isobe, Shinshu University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto 390-8621 JapanYasuo Yoshimura, Shinshu University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto 390-8621 JapanHiroyuki Kato, Shinshu University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto 390-8621 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 3 / May, 2009

pubmed: 1745-3674

Incidence of stress fractures of the femoral shaft in women treated with bisphosphonate.
Schilcher J, Aspenberg P Related Articles Incidence of stress fractures of the femoral shaft in women treated with bisphosphonate. Acta Orthop. 2009 Jan 1;:1-3 Authors: Schilcher J, Aspenberg P Background Recent case reports have identified an association between long-term bisphosphonate treatment and stress fractures of the femoral shaft. The risk of such fractures in bisphosphonate users has not been determined. Methods We identified women over 55 years of age with the specific fracture pattern by searching the operation registry of the hospitals in 2 healthcare districts. Prevalence of bisphosphonate treatment was provided by a Swedish national registry covering all drugs delivered to all individuals since 2005. Results The number of women on bisphosphonate treatment was 3,087. Of these, 5 had femoral stress fractures. They had been taking bisphosphonates for 3.5 to 8.5 years. The incidence density for a patient on bisphosphonate was 1/1,000 per year (95% CI: 0.3-2). In the remaining 88,869 women who were not taking bisphosphonates, there were 3 stress fractures. Thus, their risk (without correction for inhomogeneity in age distribution) was 46 times less (95% CI: 11-200). Interpretation These results are rough estimations based on a comparatively small material. Still, a treatment-associated incidence density of 1/1,000 is acceptable, considering that bisphosphonate treatment is likely to reduce the incidence density of any fracture by 15/1,000 according to a large randomized trial (Black et al. 1996). PMID: 19568963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Subscribe to Journals RSS feed

Live Webcast: Vanguard Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty