A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:

• a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.
• a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
• however, some publications issued at stated intervals, such as a magazine or the record of the transactions of society such as a scientific journal or academic journals in general, are called a journal. Journal, then, is sometimes used as a synonym for "magazine".

The word "journalist" for one whose business is writing for the public press has been in use since the end of the 17th century.

"Journal" is also applied to the record, day by day, of the business and proceedings of a public body:

• The journals of the British Houses of Parliament contain an official record of the business transacted day by day in either house. The record does not take note of speeches, though some of the earlier volumes contain references to them. The journals are a lengthened account written from the "Votes and Proceedings" (in the House of Lords called "Minutes of Proceedings"), made day by day by the Clerks at the Table, and printed on the responsibility of the Clerk of the House. In the Commons the Votes and Proceedings, but not the Journal, bear the Speaker's signature in fulfilment of a former order that he should "peruse" them before publication. The journals of the British House of Commons begin in the first year of the reign of Edward VI in 1547, and are complete, except for a short interval under Elizabeth I. Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of Henry VIII in 1509. Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in the rolls of parliament, which extend from 1278 to 1503. The journals of the Lords are "records" in the judicial sense, those of the Commons are not (see Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 1906, pp. 201-202).
• Section 5 of Article I of the United States Constitution requires the Congress of the United States to keep a journal of its proceedings. This journal, the Congressional Record is published by the Government Printing Office.

Journals of this sort are also often referred to as minutes.

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Current Opinion in Orthopaedics - Current Table Of Contents


Journal of Orthopaedic Science

Effects of single and cyclical local injections of basic fibroblast growth factor on cancellous bone defects in rabbits
Mon, 07 Dec 2009 19:38:04 -0000
Abstract Background  Local administration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has anabolic effects on bone formation. A delivery system for local treatment is required to increase efficacy because of its short half-life. However, little is known about the effects of cyclical local injection of bFGF. We evaluated the effects of single and cyclical local injection of bFGF at a cancellous bone defect in the femoral condyle in rabbits. Methods  Using the “vehicle only” as a control, a single low dose (40 µg), single high dose (120 µg), or cyclical low dose (40 µg, three times) of bFGF was injected percutaneously into a bone defect implanted with a gelatin sponge. The rabbits were killed at 4 weeks after surgery and the femurs were harvested for evaluation. Results  Both single and cyclical administration of bFGF dose-dependently increased the amount of new bone formation in the bone defect using radiographs (P < 0.01) and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements (P < 0.01) compared to controls. However, only high-dose bFGF injection significantly increased the cancellous bone volume at the bone defect (P < 0.05) compared to controls, using bone histomorphometry. Cyclical injection of bFGF significantly increased the number of runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2)-positive cells compared to single low- and high-dose bFGF administration (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), and single high-dose and cyclical administration significantly increased the number of osteopontin-positive cells compared to controls (P < 0.01), based on immunohistochemical analysis. Conclusions  These results suggest that high-dose injection of bFGF, at the very early stage of cancellous bone healing, is more effective in increasing cancellous bone volume, and cyclical injection of bFGF may stimulate osteoprogenitor cells. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1403-2Authors Keiji Kamo, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 JapanNaohisa Miyakoshi, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 JapanYuji Kasukawa, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 JapanHiroshi Sasaki, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 JapanYoichi Shimada, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 6 / November, 2009
Influence of extracellular matrix on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and apoptosis-related genes induced by hydrostatic pressure in three-dimensionally cultured chondrocytes
Mon, 07 Dec 2009 19:38:02 -0000
Abstract Background  The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on the gene expression of cartilage matrix, cytokines, and apoptosis-associated factors in chondrocytes in which the cartilage was in extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich or ECM-poor condition. Methods  Chondrocytes were isolated from rabbit joints and cultured in alginate beads. Immediately after embedding (0W group) or after 2 weeks culture (2W group), the amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the alginate beads were quantified. Both groups were exposed to continuous HP of 10 or 50 MPa for 12 h. The expression of inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and apoptosis-related factors were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of proteoglycan core protein (PG) and collagen type II were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Results  All of the GAG components in alginate beads markedly increased in the 2W group. The expression of PG and collagen type II increased after exposure to 10 MPa in both groups. In the 0W group, these levels decreased after exposure to 50 MPa of HP. The expression of interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 increased after exposure to HP in the 0W group. HP at 50 MPa induced mRNA expression of ADAMTS-5 in the 0W group but not in the 2W group. The expression of Fas increased after exposure to HP in the 0W group. Conclusions  These findings suggested that nonphysiological, excessive HP on chondrocytes with the ECM in poor condition reduced matrix gene expression and increased expression of the genes associated with apoptosis and catabolism of the cartilage matrix. These results might therefore be associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1393-0Authors Taisuke Kunitomo, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanKenji A. Takahashi, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanYuji Arai, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanKei Sakao, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanKuniaki Honjo, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanMasazumi Saito, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanAtsuo Inoue, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanHitoshi Tonomura, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanToru Morihara, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanOsam Mazda, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto JapanJiro Imanishi, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto JapanToshikazu Kubo, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 6 / November, 2009
Asporin and transforming growth factor-β gene expression in osteoblasts from subchondral bone and osteophytes in osteoarthritis
Mon, 07 Dec 2009 19:38:00 -0000
Abstract Background  To clarify the significance of subchondral bone and osteophytes in the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA), we investigated the expression of asporin (ASPN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) genes involved in bone metabolism. Methods  Osteoblasts were isolated from 19 patients diagnosed with knee OA and from 4 patients diagnosed with femoral neck fracture. Osteoblast expression of mRNA encoding ASPN, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and Runx2 was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. Results  Expression of ASPN, TGF-β1, and TGF-β3 mRNA in the subchondral bone and osteophytes of OA patients increased compared with that of non-OA patients. The ratio of ASPN to TGF-β1 mRNA in patients with severe cartilage damage was higher than that in patients with mild cartilage damage. Conclusions  The increased ratio of ASPN mRNA to TGF-β1 mRNA in patients with severe relative to mild cartilage damage indicates that increased ASPN mRNA expression was significantly associated with the severity of cartilage degeneration. This finding suggests that ASPN may regulate TGF-β1-mediated factors in the development of OA, which may provide clues as to the underlying pathology of OA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1401-4Authors Kei Sakao, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanKenji A. Takahashi, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanYuji Arai, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanMasazumi Saito, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanKuniaki Honjyo, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanNobuyuki Hiraoka, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 JapanTsunao Kishida, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto JapanOsam Mazda, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto JapanJiro Imanishi, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto JapanToshikazu Kubo, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto 602-8566 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 6 / November, 2009
Glomus tumor of the toe with symptoms similar to those of Morton’s disease
Mon, 07 Dec 2009 19:38:00 -0000
Glomus tumor of the toe with symptoms similar to those of Morton’s disease Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1387-yAuthors Hiroyuki Tsuchie, Akita University School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 JapanKyoji Okada, Akita University School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 JapanHiroyuki Nagasawa, Akita University School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 JapanHiroshi Minagawa, Akita University School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 JapanYoichi Shimada, Akita University School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Hondo Akita 010-8543 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 6 / November, 2009
Validation study of a clinical diagnosis support tool for lumbar spinal stenosis
Mon, 07 Dec 2009 19:37:59 -0000
Abstract Background  A clinical diagnosis support tool for lumbar spinal stenosis was developed by the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research. However, the use of this tool has not yet been validated. Methods  Patients with symptoms in the lower extremities and who visited the Department of Orthopedics initially were recruited to the study. Orthopedic physicians who were not spine specialists completed the support tools. Spine specialists examined the patients, made a diagnosis, and completed the lumbar spine examination sheet made for the study. The support tool and lumbar spine examination sheet were sent to a central panel comprising four panelists who then decided on a final diagnosis. Results  In total, 118 patients were evaluated, including 62 males and 56 females. Lumbar spinal stenosis was diagnosed in 58 and nonlumbar spinal stenosis in 60 patients. The mean score in the lumbar spinal stenosis group was 12.2 points (median 13 points). In the nonlumbar spinal stenosis group, the mean score was 7.5 points (median 7 points). Sensitivity was 0.948, and specificity was 0.40. Conclusions  Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis with a very low score were diagnosed with mild lumbar spinal stenosis, whereas nonlumbar spinal stenosis patients with a very high score were diagnosed as suffering from spine disease and needing special treatment by spine surgeons. Our results validate the use of the support tool for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis. Although the specificity observed in the present study was lower than that reported at development, we conclude that this support tool is useful for screening patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1391-2Authors Yoshihiko Kato, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505 JapanToshifumi Kawakami, Okada Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanMasao Kifune, Iwakuni City Medical Center Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanTetsuro Kishimoto, Saiseikai Yamaguchi General Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanKimio Nibu, Shimonoseki Kosei Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanHirotsugu Oda, Shunan City Shinnanyo Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanKenzo Shirasawa, Shimonoseki City Central Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanToshikatsu Tominaga, Yamaguchi Rosai Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanKoichiro Toyoda, Yamaguchi Grand Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanKazunari Tsue, Yamaguchi-Ken Saiseikai Shimonoseki General Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yamaguchi JapanToshihiko Taguchi, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505 Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 6 / November, 2009
The effect of geometry of the tibial polyethylene insert on the tibiofemoral contact kinematics in Advance Medial Pivot total knee arthroplasty
Mon, 07 Dec 2009 19:37:58 -0000
Abstract Background  In modern total knee arthroplasty (TKA), it is important to reproduce both medial pivot motion and posterior femoral rollback to obtain greater postoperative knee flexion. Several studies have reported the factors affecting knee motion and range of motion after TKA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the tibial insert geometry on the tibiofemoral contact kinematics, especially focusing on the medial pivot motion and posterior femoral rollback. Methods  Seven cadaveric knees were replaced with the Advance Medial Pivot TKA, and two different geometries of polyethylene tibial insert, the standard medial pivot design (MP-design) and double high design (DH-design), were biomechanically compared. Four experimental configurations were evaluated in each specimen in this order: (1) the MP-design with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retaining, (2) the DH-design with PCL retaining, (3) the MP-design with PCL sacrificing, and (4) the DH-design with PCL sacrificing. Results  Under the PCL-retaining condition, both designs showed no medial pivot but bicondylar femoral rollback more than 60° of knee flexion. In the MP-design, tibiofemoral contact point (estimated contact point, ECP) of the medial compartment was located on the posterior lip of the ball-insocket structure while demonstrating greater than 120° of knee flexion. The posterior translation was also the same in both designs. On the other hand, ECP of the MP-design and the DH-design showed only medial pivot pattern under the PCL-sacrificing condition. In the DH-design, ECP of the lateral compartment showed paradoxical anterior translation from 0° to 60° of knee flexion. Total posterior translation was significantly greater in the lateral compartment than that in the medial compartment. Conclusions  The results of this study suggest that in this type of TKA system the ball-in-socket geometry in the MP-design has an advantage for reproducing medial pivot motion in the PCL-sacrificing condition, and the flexion path structure in the DH-design is considered to be both effective and safe for femoral rollback in the PCL-retaining condition. However, neither design is sufficient to reproduce medial pivot motion and posterior femoral rollback. Therefore, a different design of tibial insert is needed for more physiological kinematics after TKA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00776-009-1402-3Authors Go Omori, Niigata University Center for Transdisciplinary Research 2-8050 Igarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 JapanNaoaki Onda, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine Niigata JapanMasashi Shimura, Niigata University Faculty of Engineering Niigata JapanToyohiko Hayashi, Niigata University Faculty of Engineering Niigata JapanTakashi Sato, Niigata Kobari Hospital Orthopedic Surgery Niigata JapanYoshio Koga, Niigata Kobari Hospital Orthopedic Surgery Niigata Japan Journal Journal of Orthopaedic ScienceOnline ISSN 1436-2023Print ISSN 0949-2658 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 6 / November, 2009

pubmed: 1745-3674

PET scanning for evaluation of bone metabolism.
Foldager CB, Bendtsen M, Bünger C PET scanning for evaluation of bone metabolism. Acta Orthop. 2009 Dec;80(6):737-8; author reply 738-9 Authors: Foldager CB, Bendtsen M, Bünger C PMID: 19995324 [PubMed - in process]
High systemic gentamicin levels and ototoxicity after implantation of gentamicin beads in a 70-year-old man--a case report.
de Klaver PA, Koning J, A Janssen RP, J Derijks LJ High systemic gentamicin levels and ototoxicity after implantation of gentamicin beads in a 70-year-old man--a case report. Acta Orthop. 2009 Dec;80(6):734-6 Authors: de Klaver PA, Koning J, A Janssen RP, J Derijks LJ PMID: 19995323 [PubMed - in process]
Parathyroid hormone PTH(1-34) increases the volume, mineral content, and mechanical properties of regenerated mineralizing tissue after distraction osteogenesis in rabbits.
Aleksyniene R, Thomsen JS, Eckardt H, Bundgaard KG, Lind M, Hvid I Parathyroid hormone PTH(1-34) increases the volume, mineral content, and mechanical properties of regenerated mineralizing tissue after distraction osteogenesis in rabbits. Acta Orthop. 2009 Dec;80(6):716-23 Authors: Aleksyniene R, Thomsen JS, Eckardt H, Bundgaard KG, Lind M, Hvid I BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has attracted considerable interest as a bone anabolic agent. Recently, it has been suggested that PTH can also enhance bone repair after fracture and distraction osteogenesis. We analyzed bone density and strength of the newly regenerated mineralized tissue after intermittent treatment with PTH in rabbits, which undergo Haversian bone remodeling similar to that in humans. METHODS: 72 New Zealand White rabbits underwent tibial mid-diaphyseal osteotomy and the callus was distracted 1 mm/day for 10 days. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups, which received injections of PTH 25 microg/kg/day for 30 days, saline for 10 days and PTH 25 microg/kg/day for 20 days, or saline for 30 days. At the end of the study, the rabbits were killed and the bone density was evaluated with DEXA. The mechanical bone strength was determined by use of a 3-point bending test. RESULTS: In the 2 PTH-treated groups the regenerate callus ultimate load was 33% and 30% higher, absorbed energy was 100% and 65% higher, BMC was 61% and 60% higher, and callus tissue volume was 179% and 197% higher than for the control group. INTERPRETATION: We found that treatment with PTH during distraction osteogenesis resulted in substantially higher mineralized tissue volume, mineral content, and bending strength. This suggests that treatment with PTH may benefit new bone formation during distraction osteogenesis and could form a basis for clinical application of this therapy in humans. PMID: 19995322 [PubMed - in process]

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