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Bariatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity"Bariatrics." The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.4th ed. Houghton, 2000. Bartleby.com. 2005. 14 Feb. 2006 http://www.bartleby.com/61/84/B0078400.html>.. The term bariatrics was created around 1965 , from the Greek root baro ("weight," as in barometer) and suffix -iatrics ("a branch of medicine," as in pediatrics). Besides the pharmacotherapy of obesity, it is concerned with obesity surgery.

Overweight and obesity are rising medical problems of pandemic proportionsReynolds K, He J.Epidemiology of the metabolic syndrome.Am J Med Sci 2005;330:273-9. PMID 16355011Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, et al. 2004. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999–2002. JAMA ; 291: 2847–50. PMID 15199035. There are many detrimental health effects of obesityWHO factsheet on obesity: heart disease, diabetes, many types of cancer, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic musculoskeletal problems, etc. There is also a clear effect of obesity on mortality, though this is not so clear for overweight Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA 2005; 293: 1861-7..

=Diagnosis= Although not a direct measure of body fat, the Body Mass Index is widely adopted and promoted as a marker for excess body weight.Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 894).. However, it is not flawless: a very muscular person may be assessed as obese, and an elderly person with low body weight but high body fat (this can happen due to low muscle mass and bone density) may be assessed as healthy. Other markers for the evaluation of obesity include waist circumference (associated with central obesity), and a patient's risk factors for diseases and conditions associated with obesityClinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, The Evidence Report. NIH Publication NO. 98-4083, september 1998. NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in cooperation with The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.. Besides these indirect methods, body fat can also be measured directly.

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