Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. The word "plastic" derives from the Greek plastikos meaning to mold or to shape; its use here is not connected with modern plastics.

The principal areas of plastic surgery include two broad fields.

• Reconstructive surgery, including microsurgery, focuses on undoing or masking the destructive effects of trauma, surgery or disease. Reconstructive surgery may include closing defects using skin grafts or with local, regional or distant flaps—that is, by moving tissue from other parts of the body.
• Cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery is most often performed in order to change features the patient finds unflattering. In many cases, however, there are medical reasons (for example, breast reduction when orthopedic problems are present).

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All Plastic Surgery Jobs

Permanent Plastic Surgery Job in Wilkes Barre Pennsylvania with Community Health Systems
Wilkes-Barre General Hospital is seeking a board eligible/board certified plastic surgeon. Contact: Joyce Y. McCuller Email: joyce_mcculler@chs.net Phone: 888-373-9600, x7451 Fax: 615-373-9798 Web:
Permanent Plastic Surgery Job in Temple Texas with Scott & White Health Clinic
CENTRAL TEXAS Plastic Surgery Scott & White and Texas A&M College of Medicine Department of Surgery are seeking BC/BE Plastic Surgeons to join our established Division at our main campus Temple. The
Permanent Plastic Surgery Job in Williamsport Pennsylvania with Susquehanna Health
Susquehanna Health is seeking a BC/BE fellowship trained Plastic Surgeon to join one (1) other in our practice and one (1) other that is in private practice here in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Be part

Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery current issue

ABOUT THIS JOURNAL: About This Journal
Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 -0000

HIGHLIGHTS OF ARCHIVES OF FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY: Highlights of Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery
Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 -0000

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effect of Midfacial Asymmetry on Nasal Axis Deviation: Indications for Use of the Subalar Graft
Yao, F., Lawson, W., Westreich, R. W. Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Objective  To test the hypothesis that midfacial asymmetry specifically relevant to nasal tip deviation will be reflected in the measured soft-tissue attachments of the ala to the face. Design  Retrospective photographic analysis of 35 consecutive patients seeking functional or aesthetic nasal surgery regardless of cause. Results  Nasal axis had a significant correlation with the alar-facial angle on base view photographs (P < .001) irrespective of cause (traumatic vs congenital). However, there was no significant correlation between alar facial angle on anteroposterior view (frontal) with nasal axis and no correlation between frontal and basal angles. Conclusion  Soft-tissue analysis demonstrates a relationship between nasal axis deviation and lower midfacial asymmetry or hypoplasia.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Facial Fractures in Motor Vehicle Collisions: Epidemiological Trends and Risk Factors
McMullin, B. T., Rhee, J. S., Pintar, F. A., Szabo, A., Yoganandan, N. Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Objectives  To analyze epidemiological trends in facial fractures sustained in motor vehicle collisions and to identify the effects of occupant and crash-specific characteristics on the likelihood of injury. Methods  A retrospective cohort analysis of vehicle occupants with facial fractures following a motor vehicle crash was performed using the population-based 1993-2005 National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System database. Injury trends were analyzed by calendar year and vehicle model year. A multivariate analysis was performed on biomechanical, demographic, and safety restraint data, with the calculation of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results  The incidence of facial fractures was found to be decreasing (P < .01), along with a declining probability of injury with newer car models (P < .01). Seat belts with frontal air bag use were associated with a significantly decreased probability of facial fracture (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.09-0.22). Air bags alone were not associated with a reduced probability of injury (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.58-1.06). Side impacts (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.14-2.86) and mismatch in the sizes of the crash vehicles (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.27-3.12) were associated with increased risk of facial fractures. Conclusions  The probability of facial fractures from motor vehicle collisions is decreasing. This finding may be due to design improvements implicitly related to vehicle model year. Restraint use continues to be important for injury prevention, while factors such as changes in vehicle fleet composition may alter injury trends.
ANNOUNCEMENT: References
Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 -0000

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Free Tissue Reconstruction Following Excision of Head and Neck Arteriovenous Malformations
Hartzell, L. D., Stack, B. C., Yuen, J., Vural, E., Suen, J. Y. Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Objective  To evaluate free tissue transfer (FTT) as a safe and effective reconstructive technique to treat arteriovenous malformations. Vascular lesions that present a significant clinical challenge to the head and neck reconstructive surgeon are often difficult to treat and can leave large, complex defects. Methods  Retrospective, single-institution case series. Results  We describe 8 patients treated for extensive lesions in various parts of the head and neck reconstructed with free flaps. These malformations have a tendency to recur, which was the case in 75% of our patients (6 of 8) during a mean follow-up period of 5 years. Revision procedures are expected at a mean rate of 6.75 per person in our series. Conclusions  Arteriovenous malformations are uncommon and challenging lesions. Use of FTT can ameliorate the large defects resulting from excision of these lesions.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

A Novel Nostril Retainer Designed by a Patient
Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:15:09 -0000
A Novel Nostril Retainer Designed by a Patient Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s00266-009-9385-1Authors Ömer Sağlam, İstanbul Kasımpaşa Military Hospital Department of Otolaryngology İstanbul TurkeySamet Vasfi Kuvat, İstanbul Kasımpaşa Military Hospital Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery İstanbul Turkey Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
Upper-Lip Augmentation by Graft of Preseptal Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Through Blepharoplasty
Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:15:07 -0000
Abstract Background  Upper-lip augmentation is used to enhance a thin upper lip or correct lip deficiencies or senile hypotrophy. We describe an easy, effective, and reproducible technique. Methods  We use two preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle grafts that provide a reliable option for soft-tissue upper-lip augmentation, with improved vertical lip height and lateral lip projection and reappearance of the Cupid’s bow. Muscle grafts are harvested from a blepharoplasty done at the same time. Results  The advantages of this procedure include the creation of an anatomically natural upper lip through preserving the continuity and function of the labial structure, good augmentation, no donor-site morbidity, no visible scars on the vermilion, and successful rejuvenation with the associated blepharoplasty. Conclusion  Both patients and surgeons were satisfied with the results because the muscle grafts produce a youthful appearance by adding natural, soft roundness and fullness to the upper lip without an artificial look or the use of synthetic material, providing long-term augmentation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Innovative TechniqueDOI 10.1007/s00266-009-9383-3Authors Mauro Tarallo, La Sapienza University of Rome Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Rome ItalyCristiano Monarca, La Sapienza University of Rome Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Rome ItalyMaria Ida Rizzo, La Sapienza University of Rome Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Rome ItalyNicolò Scuderi, La Sapienza University of Rome Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Rome Italy Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
One-Stage Augmentation-Mastopexy with Wise Pattern and Inverted-T Scar
Sat, 20 Jun 2009 06:03:54 -0000
One-Stage Augmentation-Mastopexy with Wise Pattern and Inverted-T Scar Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s00266-009-9352-xAuthors Ali Barutcu, Dokuz Eylul University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Izmir TurkeyCaghan Baytekin, Adnan Menderes University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ADU Týp Fak. Plastik cer. AD 09100 Aydin Turkey Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Dose Comparative Study of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Treating Glabellar Lines in Japanese Subjects: What If Sample Size and Statistical Tests Mattered?
Sat, 20 Jun 2009 06:03:53 -0000
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Dose Comparative Study of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Treating Glabellar Lines in Japanese Subjects: What If Sample Size and Statistical Tests Mattered? Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s00266-009-9381-5Authors Alberto Mangano, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine - IRCCS San Raffaele Milan ItalyAndrea Albertin, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni Department of Anesthesiology Milan ItalyLuca La Colla, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine - IRCCS San Raffaele Department of Anesthesiology Via Olgettina 60 20132 Milan Italy Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
A New Approach for Adipose Tissue Treatment and Body Contouring Using Radiofrequency-Assisted Liposuction
Fri, 19 Jun 2009 06:44:53 -0000
Abstract  A new liposuction technology for adipocyte lipolysis and uniform three-dimensional tissue heating and contraction is presented. The technology is based on bipolar radiofrequency energy applied to the subcutaneous adipose tissue and subdermal skin surface. Preliminary clinical results, thermal monitoring, and histologic biopsies of the treated tissue demonstrate rapid preaspiration liquefaction of adipose tissue, coagulation of subcutaneous blood vessels, and uniform sustained heating of tissue. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00266-009-9342-zAuthors Malcolm Paul, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Institute, University of California Irvine CA 92660 USARobert Stephen Mulholland, SpaMedica Canada Private Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Practice 66 Avenue Rd., Suite 4 Toronto ON M5R 3N8 Canada Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
Treatment of Upper- and Lower-Extremity Vitiligo with Epidermal Grafts After CO2 Laser Resurfacing with Systemic and Topical Steroids
Wed, 17 Jun 2009 07:09:34 -0000
Abstract  Vitiligo is an acquired condition that presents as sharply demarcated white macules. It affects 1–2% of people of all races, regardless of gender or age. Although the disease does not have any systemic complications, it is of great concern, particularly in darker-skinned individuals. We treated 14 patients with vitiligo involving the upper and lower extremities. Surgical therapies were used in conjunction with medical therapy to achieve repigmentation after the disease was stabilized. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00266-009-9376-2Authors Safwat M. El Hoseny, Rashid Hospital Department of Health and Medical Service of Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X

pubmed: 1529-4242

Radiation diminishes stem cell function but does not cause ischemia.
Rudolph R Related Articles Radiation diminishes stem cell function but does not cause ischemia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Jul;124(1):343 Authors: Rudolph R PMID: 19568134 [PubMed - in process]
Aquilae non capiunt muscas (eagles don't catch flies).
Ilango N, Jacob J, Gupta AK Related Articles Aquilae non capiunt muscas (eagles don't catch flies). Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Jul;124(1):343-4 Authors: Ilango N, Jacob J, Gupta AK PMID: 19568133 [PubMed - in process]
Complications after polymethylmethacrylate injections.
Nácul AM, Valente DS Related Articles Complications after polymethylmethacrylate injections. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Jul;124(1):342-3 Authors: Nácul AM, Valente DS PMID: 19568132 [PubMed - in process]
Povidone-iodine versus chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis before elective plastic surgery procedures: a randomized controlled trial. is statistical correctness always pursued?
Mangano A, Albertin A, La Colla L Related Articles Povidone-iodine versus chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis before elective plastic surgery procedures: a randomized controlled trial. is statistical correctness always pursued? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Jul;124(1):340; author reply 340-2 Authors: Mangano A, Albertin A, La Colla L PMID: 19568131 [PubMed - in process]
Aesthetic and effective leech application.
Jagannathan M, Barthwal V, Devale M Related Articles Aesthetic and effective leech application. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Jul;124(1):338; author reply 338-40 Authors: Jagannathan M, Barthwal V, Devale M PMID: 19568128 [PubMed - in process]
Aesthetic labia minora and clitoral hood reduction using extended central wedge resection.
Hamori CA Related Articles Aesthetic labia minora and clitoral hood reduction using extended central wedge resection. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Jul;124(1):337; author reply 337-8 Authors: Hamori CA PMID: 19568126 [PubMed - in process]

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