Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. The word "plastic" derives from the Greek plastikos meaning to mold or to shape; its use here is not connected with modern plastics.

The principal areas of plastic surgery include two broad fields.

• Reconstructive surgery, including microsurgery, focuses on undoing or masking the destructive effects of trauma, surgery or disease. Reconstructive surgery may include closing defects using skin grafts or with local, regional or distant flaps—that is, by moving tissue from other parts of the body.
• Cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery is most often performed in order to change features the patient finds unflattering. In many cases, however, there are medical reasons (for example, breast reduction when orthopedic problems are present).

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PLASTIC SURGERY jobs in "45 Minutes North of Chicago, Illinois Plastic Su" - IL
Fri, 27 Jan 2012 13:27:44 -0500
Joining private practice of one Plastic Surgeon. Busy practice Office located 45 Minutes North of Chicago Physician works from 4 area hospitals Option for partnership Ideally would like
PLASTIC SURGERY jobs in "Need for Plastic Surgeon in Oklahoma City" - OK
Fri, 27 Jan 2012 13:27:44 -0500
Joining largest volume practice in the Midwest. Extremely high patient volume. Been in business for 7 years. Has built a new 10 sq ft surgery center. All surgeries are conducted there. Physicians

Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery current issue

Risk Factors Associated With Repair of Orbital and Lateral Skull Defects [Original Article]
Serrano, N. A., Trenite, G. N., Yueh, B., Farwell, D. G., Futran, N. D., Mendez, E. Mon, 19 Dec 2011 12:41:25 -0800
Objective To explore the complications and associated risks factors after orbital exenteration and lateral skull base defect repair.Methods Patients who had undergone a reconstruction of their orbital cavity and lateral skull base defects were selected from our departmental database. The outcome of interest was postoperative complications. The risks factors were defined as age, sex, history of radiation therapy, and intracranial involvement (with and without dural involvement). Information was collected on the type of reconstruction used after the orbital cavity repair. The 2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze associations between postoperative complications and the various risks factors.Results Of the 32 identified patients, 19 had intracranial involvement (9 with dural involvement). Twenty-four patients underwent reconstruction with free tissue transfer in the same setting. Reconstruction with free tissue transfer was significantly associated with fewer major postoperative complications (P < .053). There was a trend toward more complications with a history of radiation therapy or intracranial involvement.Conclusions Reconstruction of the orbital cavity and lateral skull base can be challenging, especially if there is a history of radiation therapy and intracranial involvement. Free tissue transfer is a safe and effective method for reconstruction of such defects.
Histopathologic Findings of the Orbicularis Oculi in Upper Eyelid Aging: Total or Minimal Excision of Orbicularis Oculi in Upper Blepharoplasty [Original Article]
Lee, H., Park, M., Lee, J., Lee, E. S., Baek, S. Mon, 19 Dec 2011 12:41:23 -0800
Objective It is well known that gradual loss of elastic fibers and skin relaxation cause the aging process, but whether changes in the orbicularis oculi muscle may contribute to the aging of the upper eyelid is not known. The aim of the present study was to use histopathologic examination to investigate whether the orbicularis oculi contributes to upper eyelid aging.Methods Full-thickness upper eyelids, which were removed during blepharoplasty using en bloc resection, were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined. Eleven patients with oriental eyelid, 14 patients with bilateral dermatochalasia, and 2 patients with facial nerve palsy and contralateral dermatochalasia were included in this study.Results Patients ranged in age from 21 to 73 years (median age, 55.8 years). Histologic results revealed that changes in the aging upper eyelid were mainly in the skin and subcutaneous layers with large masses of deranged elastic fibers in the papillary dermis, which was characterized as solar elastosis.Conclusions Our study revealed that the entire orbicularis oculi muscle layer remained morphologically intact with aging. Moreover, our findings suggests that a minimally invasive surgical approach with muscle sparing in upper blepharoplasty in selected patients could yield good results in terms of cosmetic outcomes and upper eyelid function while minimizing postoperative complications.
Split-Face Double-blind Study Comparing the Onset of Action of OnabotulinumtoxinA and AbobotulinumtoxinA [Original Article]
Yu, K. C. Y., Nettar, K. D., Bapna, S., Boscardin, W. J., Maas, C. S. Mon, 19 Dec 2011 12:41:24 -0800
Objective To report and discuss the outcome of a prospective, internally controlled, randomized, double-blind, split-face study comparing the onset of action of 2 commercially available botulinum neuromodulators.Methods Ninety individuals with moderate-to-severe lateral orbital rhytids were treated with onabotulinumtoxinA, 10 U, and abobotulinumtoxinA, 30 U, for the treatment of lateral orbital rhytids. Participants were assessed live with a validated 5-point photographic scale before treatment and on days 2, 4, and 6 after treatment. Photographs were taken at each encounter. Statistical analysis was applied to evaluate for any significant difference in onset of action between the 2 products.Results AbobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA demonstrated statistically significant change from baseline at day 2 in the treatment of lateral orbital rhytids at maximal contraction and rest when evaluated independently by investigator and participant (P < .001). Also at day 2, the improvement with abobotulinumtoxinA was better than that with onabotulinumtoxinA for the primary end point of maximal contraction graded by the investigator, although this did not reach statistical significance (P = .21); by day 4, the greater improvement achieved with abobotulinumtoxinA reached statistical significance (P = .02) and remained superior at day 6 (P = .02). The primary findings were strengthened by similar results in the secondary end points of patient self-grade at maximal contraction and at rest and of investigator grade at rest.Conclusions In conclusion, both abobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA achieved statistically significant onset of action at day 2. This improvement was seen in all end points, with abobotulinumtoxinA demonstrating a trend toward greater improvement than onabotulinumtoxinA at day 2 and a statistically significant greater improvement at days 4 and 6 when looking at maximal contraction.
No Need to Fear Evidence-Based Medicine [Special Topics]
Rhee, J. S., Daramola, O. O. Mon, 19 Dec 2011 12:41:22 -0800
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) aims to apply the best available evidence gained from the scientific method to clinical decision making. The notion seems noble in its purpose, yet there are some apprehensions and misconceptions among physicians, especially those in a predominantly surgical field such as facial plastic surgery. Developing a sophisticated understanding of the inherent biases and limitations of EBM will become increasingly important for the researcher and practicing surgeon as we strive to improve the rigor of our studies and produce noteworthy scientific evidence that improves the health outcomes for our patients.
Lateral Crural Turn-in Flap in Functional Rhinoplasty [Original Article]
Apaydin, F. Mon, 17 Oct 2011 12:41:22 -0700
Objective To use the trimmed cartilage as a support material for both internal and external valves.Methods The lateral crural turn-in flap (LCTF) technique is simply to make cephalic trimming of the lateral crura and turn it into a pocket created under the remaining lateral crus. Twenty-four patients with lateral crura wider than 12 mm and in whom this technique was applied took part in this study. The trimmed cartilage was used to reshape and/or support the lateral crus and the internal valve by keeping the scroll intact. The support and suspension of the lateral crura "sandwich" helped not only to prevent stenosis of the internal valve angle but also to widen it in some cases.Results The LCTF has been used in 24 patients to reshape and/or add structure to the lateral crus with great success. The internal valve was also kept open by keeping the scroll area intact, especially in 1 patient with concave lateral crura in whom this technique helped to widen the internal valve angle.Conclusions This study shows that the LCTF can be used to reshape and add structure to the lateral crus and to suspend the internal valve. Although it is a powerful technique by itself in functional rhinoplasty, it should be combined with other methods, such as spreader flaps/grafts or alar battens, to obtain the maximum functional result.
Induction of Dermal Collagenesis, Angiogenesis, and Adipogenesis in Human Skin by Injection of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix [Original Article]
Sclafani, A. P., McCormick, S. A. Mon, 17 Oct 2011 12:41:21 -0700
Objective To evaluate the histological changes induced in human skin by injection of autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM).Methods Four healthy adult volunteers were included in the study. Platelet-rich fibrin matrix was prepared from 9 mL of autologous blood using a proprietary system (Selphyl; Aesthetic Factors, Wayne, New Jersey) and injected into the deep dermis and immediate subdermis of the upper arms of subjects. Full-thickness skin biopsy specimens were taken from the treated areas over a 10-week period, and the specimens were processed for histological evaluation.Results Findings from histological examination supported the clinical observation of soft-tissue augmentation. As early as 7 days after treatment, activated fibroblasts and new collagen deposition were noted and continued to be evident throughout the course of the study. Development of new blood vessels was noted by 19 days; also at this time, intradermal collections of adipocytes and stimulation of subdermal adipocytes were noted. These findings became more pronounced over the duration of the study, although the fibroblastic response became much less pronounced. No abnormal mitotic figures were observed at any point, and a very mild chronic inflammatory response was noted only at the earliest time points of the study.Conclusions Injection of PRFM into the deep dermis and subdermis of the skin stimulates a number of cellular changes that can be harnessed for use. Coupled with prior in vitro and in vivo studies, we now have a much clearer picture of the cellular effects of PRFM and its potential uses in facial plastic surgery. Further work is planned to more clearly elucidate the potential role of PRFM in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery.Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00956020

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (Online First™)

Gluteal Reduction: A New Technique With Tightening, Lifting, and Reshaping Effects on the Buttocks
Sat, 28 Jan 2012 06:43:05 -0000
Abstract Background  Currently, patient demand is increased for procedures to improve the form and size of the gluteal region. Although gluteal augmentation and lifting are the most common aesthetic requirements for the gluteal area, some patients need gluteal reduction. Most surgeons reduce the gluteal volume only by liposuctioning the buttocks. This procedure, however, is inadequate when patients do not have good skin quality. Very few techniques have been described for gluteal reduction, and all of them leave noticeable scars that are unacceptable to most patients. The author presents a new technique to reduce, lift, and tighten the gluteal region using well-hidden incisions. Methods  Five female patients who requested gluteal reduction were included in this study. Two of these patients had primary gluteal lipodistrophy, and two had excessive gluteal volume as a consequence of liquid silicone injections in the buttocks. The remaining patient had previously undergone gluteal implants, but after pregnancy ended up having very big buttocks and wanted to reduce the gluteal volume. Gluteal reduction was performed using bilateral incisions that began from the sacral triangle and proceeded downward slightly off the gluteal midline to continue along the infragluteal fold. A flap involving the whole gluteal area was dissected superficially to the gluteal fascia. Excess tissue was removed, and wound closure was performed in multiple layers. Results  The mean operating time was 210 min, and the volume resected ranged from 550 to 640 g in each of the gluteal areas. No major complications or infections occurred. One of the patients presented with wound dehiscence bilaterally, limited to the central area. This case required wound care for 1 month, after which the wound was closed satisfactorily with the patient under local anesthesia. In all the patients, the gluteal area was reduced, reshaped, and tightened satisfactorily. All five patients were extremely satisfied with the new gluteal shape, the degree of the gluteal reduction, the quality and location of the scars, and the lifting effect associated with this gluteoplasty technique. Conclusion  A new technique for gluteal reduction that effectively reduces, tightens, and reshapes the buttocks is presented. Patient acceptance of this surgery is very high because unlike previous gluteal reduction techniques, this procedure leaves well-concealed scars that can be hidden even with the small type of swimsuits used currently. Level of Evidence V   This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Innovative TechniquesPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00266-011-9863-0Authors Jorge Alirio Mejia, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 7 sur 42-70 OF 511 Ed Forum, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
Reconstruction of Lower Eyelid Retraction or Ectropion Using a Paranasal Flap
Wed, 25 Jan 2012 06:52:54 -0000
Abstract Background  This report aims to describe a paranasal flap technique for reconstruction of lower eyelid retraction and ectropion. Methods  After the contracture of the lower eyelid skin or conjunctiva had been thoroughly released, the ipsilateral upper pedicle paranasal flap was designed according to the size of the lower eyelid skin wound. After dissection of the flap, the subcutaneous tissue of the flap was trimmed according to the depth of the wound, the flap was rotated to cover the defect, and an anchor was fixed to the distal aspect of the outer canthus. The secondary defect of the donor area was sutured directly. Results  In this study, 67 patients with lower eyelid defects resulting from correction of eyelid retraction and ectropion were reconstructed using paranasal flaps between April 2004 and October 2009. The sizes of the paranasal flaps ranged from 0.6 × 2.2 to 1.5 × 3.5 cm. At the follow-up assessment, the patients could close their eyes easily and completely without lagophthalmos, and neither the upper lips or the nasal ala showed any anatomic deformities. The features of the paranasal flaps, such as skin color, texture, and contour of the repaired tissue, were a good match with the surrounding skin. The suture lines of the donor areas were sheltered well. Conclusions  Paranasal flaps were used for effective reconstruction of lower eyelid retraction or ectropion, with achievement of good eyelid function and a good color, contour, and texture match with the surrounding skin. Overall, the functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory. Level of Evidence V  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00266-011-9855-0Authors Chun-Yu Xue, Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 ChinaHai-ying Dai, Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 ChinaLi Li, Department of Dermatology, Beijing Military General Hospital, Beijing, 100000 ChinaYi-cun Wang, Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 ChinaCao Yang, Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 ChinaJun-Hui Li, Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 ChinaXin Xing, Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
Maxillofacial Reconstruction Using Polyetheretherketone Patient-Specific Implants by “Mirroring” Computational Planning
Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:45:01 -0000
Abstract  In the vast majority of cases, precise symmetric reconstruction of maxillofacial defects remains an unsolved problem for craniofacial surgeons. Computer-designed alloplastic implants have contributed considerably to improvement in the accuracy and reliability of facial rehabilitation, rapidly becoming an irreplaceable part of the surgical armamentarium. In recent years, the subsequently developed new generation of computational technologies has allowed planning to be done by preoperative “mirroring” using the healthy side as a template to fabricate an ideal prosthesis for reestablishment of facial symmetry. Two cases of facial defects are reported, one of the midface and another of the lower face reconstructed using a computer-designed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) patient-specific implant (PSI) technique based on “mirroring” computational planning. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00266-011-9853-2Authors Paolo Scolozzi, Division of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 1211 Genève, Switzerland Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
Mammae Erraticae: A Case Report and Reappraisal of the Related Theories
Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:45:00 -0000
Abstract  Extra nipples and breast tissue outside the orthotopic location of the mammary glands are called polythelia and polymastia, respectively. Although the theory of mammary ridge remnants can explain extra breast tissue along the milk line, other locations such as the dorsum of the body still need further discussion. This report describes a 28-year-old Caucasian woman with a perfectly formed breast together with a meningocele in the lumbar region. Kyphoscoliosis and growth retardation were accompanying pathologies. As far as the authors can discern, this is the first case in the literature showing a well-formed breast and dysraphism occurring together. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00266-011-9854-1Authors Orhan Babuccu, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67200 Zonguldak, TurkeyMurat Kalayci, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67200 Zonguldak, TurkeyEgemen Turhan, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67200 Zonguldak, TurkeyBanu Dogan Gun, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67200 Zonguldak, TurkeyAhmet Dursun, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67200 Zonguldak, Turkey Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
Monsplasty for Women After Massive Weight Loss
Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:44:58 -0000
Abstract Background  Ptosis with excess skin in the pubic area is a very common deformity in patients after massive weight loss. This deformity requires adequate surgical treatment whether combined with abdominoplasty or not. The enlarged pubogenital area may lead to psychosocial distress and impaired quality of life. Methods  A series of 23 women with a mean age of 39.5 years who previously underwent bariatric surgeries and later presented with pubogenital ptosis underwent monsplasty. The preoperative surgical markings and the surgical technique presented are easily reproducible. In this prospective study, the surgical outcomes were assessed by questionnaires applied to the patients, who scored the following parameters: movement dynamics, aesthetic appearance, sexual performance, improved hygiene, and use of clothing items. Results  Four of the parameters assessed (movement dynamics, aesthetic appearance, hygiene, and use of clothing items) showed clear improvement, with scores ranging from good to very good. A small percentage of the patients (13%) reported fair improvement in sexual performance. Conclusion  The findings showed monsplasty to be a simple and reproducible technique with favorable outcomes and low morbidity rates. Level of Evidence IV  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00266-011-9859-9Authors Maíra Marques, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. São Gabriel, 201, cj. 704/5, São Paulo, 01435-001 BrazilMiguel Modolin, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. São Gabriel, 201, cj. 704/5, São Paulo, 01435-001 BrazilWilson Cintra, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. São Gabriel, 201, cj. 704/5, São Paulo, 01435-001 BrazilRolf Gemperli, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. São Gabriel, 201, cj. 704/5, São Paulo, 01435-001 BrazilMarcus Castro Ferreira, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. São Gabriel, 201, cj. 704/5, São Paulo, 01435-001 Brazil Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X
A Technique for Auricular Keloid Core Excision Using a Skin Biopsy Punch
Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:44:57 -0000
Abstract Background  Keloids of the auricular region, resulting from ear piercing or external injury, are a common cosmetic problem. Surgical treatment followed by conservative management often is needed. The “hollowing out method for keloids of the auricle” retains the skin over the keloid lesion to minimize tension on the wound. This is considered to be the appropriate surgical treatment method, but skill is required to remove the keloid and retain the skin with a uniform thickness and appropriate form. Material and Methods  Four patients with auricle keloids were included in this study. All the patients were females between the ages of 18 and 29 years (average age, 24.8 years). Keloid core excision using a skin biopsy punch with the patient under local anesthesia was performed for all the patients. Results  Use of a skin biopsy punch resulted in a shorter operating time without causing ear deformity. Conclusion  The authors report a technique for keloid core excision using a skin biopsy punch and believe it is a useful method Level of Evidence V   This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors at www.springer.com/00266. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Innovative TechniquesPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00266-011-9858-xAuthors Mari Sunohara, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanToshiyuki Ozawa, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanTeruichi Harada, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanKuniyuki Morimoto, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585 JapanMasamitsu Ishii, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585 Japan Journal Aesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X

pubmed: 1529-4242

A Bellevue Nurse's Tribute to Dr. William Shaw.
McGibbon MF A Bellevue Nurse's Tribute to Dr. William Shaw. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb;129(2):409e-10e Authors: McGibbon MF PMID: 22286494 [PubMed - in process]
The Uses of the iPhone for the Plastic Surgeon: Friend or Foe?
Amin K, Chandrasena A The Uses of the iPhone for the Plastic Surgeon: Friend or Foe? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb;129(2):408e-9e Authors: Amin K, Chandrasena A PMID: 22286493 [PubMed - in process]
Adoption of accreditation council for graduate medical education duty hour requirements.
Wong MS, Stevenson TR Adoption of accreditation council for graduate medical education duty hour requirements. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb;129(2):407e-8e Authors: Wong MS, Stevenson TR PMID: 22286492 [PubMed - in process]
Should plastic surgeons operate on patients diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder?
Azevedo de Brito MJ, Nahas FX, Ferreira LM Should plastic surgeons operate on patients diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb;129(2):406e-7e Authors: Azevedo de Brito MJ, Nahas FX, Ferreira LM PMID: 22286491 [PubMed - in process]
Instruments for supermicrosurgery in Japan.
Mihara M, Hayashi Y, Iida T, Narushima M, Koshima I Instruments for supermicrosurgery in Japan. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb;129(2):404e-6e Authors: Mihara M, Hayashi Y, Iida T, Narushima M, Koshima I PMID: 22286490 [PubMed - in process]
Antibacterial Analysis of Surgical Adhesives.
Joseph JM, Voldman A, Zoumalan CI, Lisman RD, Iovine NM Antibacterial Analysis of Surgical Adhesives. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Feb;129(2):402e-404e Authors: Joseph JM, Voldman A, Zoumalan CI, Lisman RD, Iovine NM PMID: 22286489 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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