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For referencing in Wikipedia, see Citing sources.

In general, a reference is something that refers to or designates something else, or acts as a connection or a link between two things. The objects it links may be concrete, such as books or locations, or abstract, such as data, thoughts, or memories. The object which is named by a reference, or to which the reference points, is the referent.

The term reference is used with different specialized meanings in a variety of fields, as follows:

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Wiley: All New Life Sciences Titles

Kinase Inhibitor Drugs
Rongshi Li, Jeffrey A. Stafford Mon, 02 Nov 2009 05:00:00 -0000
  A comprehensive resource on case studies of marketed kinase drugs and promising drug trialsSince the discovery of protein kinase activity in 1954, the field of protein kinase drug discovery has advanced dramatically. With the ongoing clinical success of the Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor Gleevec in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and seven additional marketed kinase inhibitor drugs, researchers have compelling evidence that kinase inhibitors Read More...
Visualizing Nutrition
Mary B. Grosvenor, Lori A. Smolin Mon, 02 Nov 2009 05:00:00 -0000
  This comprehensive book provides nutritionists with an easy-to-understand overview of key concepts in the field. The material is presented along with vivid images from the National Geographic Society, illustrations, and diagrams. Numerous pedagogical features are integrated throughout the chapters, including Health and Disease, Wellness, and Making Sense of the Information that make the material easier to understand. By following a visual approach Read More...
Hematopoietic Stem Cells VII
Lothar Kanz (Editor), John E. Dick (Editor), Willem E. Fibbe (Editor), Katja C. Weisel (Editor) Mon, 02 Nov 2009 05:00:00 -0000
  A fundamental property of hematopoetic stem cells is their capacity to self-renew, thus providing, in principle, a limitless source of daughter cells and with the same functional properties. This volume presents the most recent developments, and their clinical implications, in hematopoietic stem cell research. The field of hematopoietic stem cell biology is rapidly advancing and new ideas and concepts supported by new technologies provide new discoveries Read More...
A Companion to Bioethics, 2nd Edition
Helga Kuhse, Peter Singer Mon, 26 Oct 2009 04:00:00 -0000
  This second edition of A Companion to Bioethics, fully revised and updated to reflect the current issues and developments in the field, covers all the material that the reader needs to thoroughly grasp the ideas and debates involved in bioethics. Read More...
Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: 4th Annual Meeting
Thomas Tuschl (Editor), Cy A. Stein (Editor), John J. Rossi (Editor) Mon, 26 Oct 2009 04:00:00 -0000
  Oligonucleotides modulate gene-specific expression within cells and can be used to identify genes involved in diseases. Continuing developments in oligonucleotide research have begun to unleash their potential as therapeutic agents. Contributions from basic researchers in molecular biology, cell biology, nucleic acid chemistry, pharmacology, and applied therapeutics present new technologies in the field of oligonucleotide research and are organized Read More...
Cannabinoids in Nature and Medicine
Didier M. Lambert (Editor) Mon, 19 Oct 2009 04:00:00 -0000
  Originally a special issue of Chemistry & Biodiversity, the first part of this volume focuses on the plant Cannabis sativa, its active ingredients, and the discovery of cannabinoid receptors as well as the therapeutic applications of activating, or blocking, the receptors. Following an overview of the plant, its medicinal uses, and its preparations, further chapters cover biosynthetic pathways, pharmacological properties, cannabis-based medicine, Read More...

 
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The National Center for Health Statistics - Comprehensive information on births, deaths, aging, disease classification and other health statistics.
Meta Description: [ As the Nation’s principal health statistics agency, we compile statistical information to to improve health and guide actions and policies ]

Ask the Medical Expert - Answers to medical related queries searchable from archives of the weekly column.

AskDrWalker - Resources and links to medical information. Includes medical databases, medical search engines, diseases and conditions and useful links for health professionals and patients.
Meta Description: [ This site is dedicated to providing accurate medical information, information services promoting good health, and the treatment of abnormal health conditions. It is unique in its approach being useful to both professional health care provider, and a resource for the layman's guide to better heal... ]

Best Evidence Topics - Access to evidence-based medicine topics. Includes a searchable database.
Meta Description: [ BETs - rapid best evidence answers to clinical questions in Emergency Medicine. A full searchable database. ]

Building Better Health - Medical and healthcare information on disease and health improvement topics. Includes medical news, clinical research and newsletters.

CDC Health Topics A to Z - A listing of disease and health topics from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States.

Centre for Medical Web Research - A virtual centre for researching medical questions on the internet.
Meta Description: [ A virtual centre for Internet based medical research. ]

DiagnosisHealth.com - An online forum discussing various medical topics.
Meta Description: [ Health information and discussion concerning prevention, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases and disorders related to indigestion, digestion system and more ]

DiagnosisHeart.com - Information on heart disease with surgical data and related resources.
Meta Description: [ DiagnosisHeart.com: Heart Disease News and Information, Robotic Heart Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery, CABG, Coronary Disease, Heart Disease Treatment, Nutrition, Recipes, and More - Welcome ]

Disease Conditions and Information - A reference guide for about 100 disease and health conditions in an alphabetical listing.

DocMD.com - Provides links to free medical and medically-related sites.
Meta Description: [ DocMD.com provides new information and links for the rapid distribution of new ideas to physicians and health care workers, including additional issues that face their daily practice of medicine. DocMD.com will also provide interesting information including links to other important and fre... ]

Doctor NDTV - Information on a variety of health issues from medical experts. Includes FAQ.
Meta Description: [ DOCTORNDTV For the better health of Indians in India and around the world. Our panel of more than 115 experts will answer your medical queries. The complete Indian Health portal from NDTV. ]

Essent Medical Library - A patient-oriented health resource provided by the Essent Healthcare system.
Meta Description: [ This is the Home Page for the Website. ]

Family Practice Reference Guides - ABFP's 19 Reference Guides from FamilyPractice.com.

Globalrph - Provides drug information, intravenous drug dilution standards and online clinical dosing calculators for health care professionals.
Meta Description: [ Comprehensive intravenous dilution, Dosing calculators, Total parenteral nutrition, heparin dosing, gentamycin dosing, kinetic dosing. ]

Guide to Clinical Preventive Services - The 1996 update report of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) at the CPMC website.

Harrison's Online - Regularly updated online version of the medical textbook. Subscription required with free 4-week trial.
Meta Description: [ McGraw-Hill's AccessMedicine is a subscription-based website that features continually updated medical content from favorite medical titles, including Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. ]

Health Information Library - Alphabetical listing of health information topics by the Carle Clinic and Hospital.

Healthsites UK - A portal to medical and health information for patients and doctors. Access medical and NHS healthcare sites plus news, advice and complementary therapy resources.
Meta Description: [ Healthsites ­ your portal to medical & health information for patients & doctors. Access medical & NHS healthcare sites plus news, advice & complementary therapy resources ]

HospitalWeb - Directory of medical resources for professionals.
Meta Description: [ UK2NET UK2.NET UK'S FREE DOMAIN NAMES ]

Library of the National Medical Society - Links to various journals, online diagnosis, medical textbooks and atlases. Subscription required.
Meta Description: [ Medical Reference Library Online. Journals, books and online diagnosis for medicine, primary care, AIDS, HIV, pediatrics, obstetrics, gynecology, family medicine, psychiatry, and surgery. National Medical Society ]

Longevity Healthy Aging Research Group - Information from this Canadian organisation on getting older and staying healthy.

MDconsult - Includes reference books, journal search, practice guidelines, patient education and drug information. Subscription required with free 10-day pass.
Meta Description: [ Medical Information Service with: full text of medical journals and reference books; practice guidelines; medical news; drug information; MEDLINE; and more. ]

MedCalc - A comprehensive collection of online clinical calculators. Includes ABG, GFR, Fluids and BMI calculations and interpretations.
Meta Description: [ Online Clinical Calculators ]

MedConnect - Information services with a clinical and practical focus for physicians and other health care professionals.

404 Medical Knowledge Base - Offers discussion forums on topics like cancer, AIDS, arthritis, hepatitis, healthy nutrition and motivation.

Medics Travel - Lists hospitals, charities, NGOs and recruitment agencies around the world to help doctors, nurses and medical students plan work and electives overseas.
Meta Description: [ Medics Travel - electives / work with hospitals, medical schools, NGOs & charities for doctors, nurses & students- Elective, electives, medical, nursing, doctors, nurses. It lists recruitment agencies, locum agencies, NGOs, non-governmental organisations, charities, hospitals, registries, medical... ]

Mediresource - Information on diseases and conditions, support groups and drug information. Primarily patient-oriented.
Meta Description: [ MediResourceTM provides credible, physician and pharmacist reviewed health information. ]

Mednav.com - A guide to resources in medicine and science. Links reviewed by experts, projects with the Journal of the AMA and the journal Science and software tools are offered on the site.

MedPix - Database of medical images including radiology, pathology, and dermatology. Case of the Week with CME for physicians and CNE for nurses.
Meta Description: [ Peer Reviewed Radiology Teaching File Cases, Online Medical Image Database and mnemonics, Free Category 1 CME and CNE. RSNA MIRC compatible. X-ray cases, MR,CT,US,Pathology, Endoscopy, Histology, Microscopy, and Dermatology pictures. Dept of Radiology, USUHS, Bethesda, MD. ]

MedServ Medical News - Provides medical information and news to medical professionals worldwide.
Meta Description: [ MedServ Medical News provides medical news covering issues like breakthrough procedures, political and ethical discussions as well as pharma-news. MedServ is suitable for both medical professionals, patients, students and general public. Join the discussionforums or subscribe to the newsletter co... ]

MerckMedicus - Links to health resources for patients, professionals and an online medical library.

My Body - Interactive symptom checker, includes details of some possible causes.
Meta Description: [ My Body - browse our interactive symptom-checker. The Institute of Physical Therapy, Dublin, Ireland. The Priory Clinic treatment centre, Dublin. ]

NCEMI: Common Simple Emergencies - An online manual with detailed instructions and illustrations on how to treat various everyday medical emergencies.

OHSU Health - Information for patients and clinicians on aspects of healthcare. Includes an index of health topics.
Meta Description: [ OHSU Health is your health information resource. Search, Health Topics, Find a Doctor, and learn more about the Oregon Health & Science University system. ]

PedsCCM File Cabinet - A resource of original and distributed educational and practical materials for pediatric critical care practitioners.

Physicians Online - Provides physicians with free access to core services, including MEDLINE, email, private physician discussion groups, full text medical news articles, financial news and stock quote services. Membership required.
Meta Description: [ Medscape is a free resource for Physicians, featuring Free CME (Continuing Medical Education), medical journal articles, MEDLINE, medical news, major conference coverage, and comprehensive drug information. ]

PolyMedicine.com - Clinicians review electronic medical information resources available in any of the following media: browsable WWW sites, downloadable datasets and software or CD-ROMS.
Meta Description: [ Medical doctors review electronic medical information resources available in any of the following media: browsable WWW sites, or downloadable datasets and software, or on CD-ROMS. ]

Predictonline - A testing and awareness site to provide the public and healthcare provider with medical information on various medical conditions.
Meta Description: [ This unique website is designed to provide information and likelihhod of diseases and guide to therapy.>

Prescriptions of The Country Doctor - A collection of informative and current articles issues written by John G. Hipps MD on various health topics.

PreventDisease.com - A patient-oriented portal for up-to-date health information on fitness, lifestyle, nutrition and health tools.

RJ's Medical Directory - A collection of medical links and information categorized by specific topics.
Meta Description: [ RJ's medical pages: A collection of medical information and links, maintained by Raza Jafri. ]

South African Health Information - Reviewed, evidence-based health information based on the South African health system.
Meta Description: [ The health knowledge network is a health information resource focusing on chronic disease prevention, HIV AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other health issues in South Africa ]

Talk Medical - Offers information on diseases, disorders, medications, parenting, and pregnancy. Also contains a searchable medical dictionary.
Meta Description: [ Talk Medical provides powerful medical information at your fingertips. Free for everyone seeking answers to a healthier life. ]

The Doctors Page - Links to patient education materials, medical reference sites and medical humor.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to The Doctors' Page, a web site specifically designed for the practicing physician. Here you'll find a wide range of resources for you and your patients, handpicked to fit your daily information needs. Quickly locate patient education materials, medical reference sites, useful news, gene... ]

500 The Healthy Forum - Provides post-diagnosis advice on health, wellbeing and complementary medicine.
Meta Description: [ Healthy Forum is a Sports Supplements and Nutrition Centre selling Vitamins and Minerals, Supplements, Diet Pills and Womans Health Products ]

500 The Homeless Handbook - An online manual designed to assist support workers of homeless and similarly disadvantaged people who find themselves in medically challenging situations.

The Merck Manual - Online version of The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy.

TheMediweb - Provides a medical dictionary of health information for research and education for health care professionals, academics and the general public.
Meta Description: [ Medical dictionary for research and education. A free on-line service from TheMediWeb for health care professionals and academics. ]

Virtual Hospital - A digital health sciences library at the University of Iowa for health care providers and patients.
Meta Description: [ Virtual Hospital was a digital library of health information in pediatrics, paediatrics, and radiology for pediatric education and radiology education ]

Virtual Naval Hospital - A digital library designed to help primary care providers and to help patients associated with naval medical issues. A service of the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.
Meta Description: [ Virtual Naval Hospital is a digital library of naval medicine and military medicine and humanitarian medicine ]

Well-Connected - Offering over 100 in-depth reports on physical and mental diseases and wellness issues. Written by medical writers and reviewed by a board at Harvard Medical School. Some information available free but most requires paid access.

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