A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:

• a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.
• a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
• however, some publications issued at stated intervals, such as a magazine or the record of the transactions of society such as a scientific journal or academic journals in general, are called a journal. Journal, then, is sometimes used as a synonym for "magazine".

The word "journalist" for one whose business is writing for the public press has been in use since the end of the 17th century.

"Journal" is also applied to the record, day by day, of the business and proceedings of a public body:

• The journals of the British Houses of Parliament contain an official record of the business transacted day by day in either house. The record does not take note of speeches, though some of the earlier volumes contain references to them. The journals are a lengthened account written from the "Votes and Proceedings" (in the House of Lords called "Minutes of Proceedings"), made day by day by the Clerks at the Table, and printed on the responsibility of the Clerk of the House. In the Commons the Votes and Proceedings, but not the Journal, bear the Speaker's signature in fulfilment of a former order that he should "peruse" them before publication. The journals of the British House of Commons begin in the first year of the reign of Edward VI in 1547, and are complete, except for a short interval under Elizabeth I. Those of the House of Lords date from the first year of Henry VIII in 1509. Before that date the proceedings in parliament were entered in the rolls of parliament, which extend from 1278 to 1503. The journals of the Lords are "records" in the judicial sense, those of the Commons are not (see Erskine May, Parliamentary Practice, 1906, pp. 201-202).
• Section 5 of Article I of the United States Constitution requires the Congress of the United States to keep a journal of its proceedings. This journal, the Congressional Record is published by the Government Printing Office.

Journals of this sort are also often referred to as minutes.

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Advances in Psychiatric Treatment current issue

[From the Editor] Eclecticism
Bouch, J. Tue, 30 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000

[Articles] Antiglucocorticoids in psychiatry
McIsaac, S. A., Westrin, A., Young, A. H. Tue, 30 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000
Significant evidence has accrued suggesting that the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a role in some psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the physiology of the HPA axis, evidence of dysfunction in this axis in psychiatric illnesses and the role that this dysfunction might play in pharmacological treatment resistance. Future therapeutic strategies that may potentially arise from these researches are briefly outlined.
[Articles] Targeting the HPA axis in major depression: does it work?: INVITED COMMENTARY ON... ANTIGLUCOCORTICOIDS IN PSYCHIATRY
Claes, S. Tue, 30 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000
In the search for antidepressant drugs with enhanced efficacy, targeting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a valid strategy. This commentary critically summarises the evidence for the efficacy of antidepressant drugs targeting the HPA axis, and concludes that the available clinical trials do not support claims that this class of drugs is superior to existing treatments.

Am J Psychiatry current issue

[In This Issue] In This Issue
Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0000

[Editorials] The Randomized Controlled Trial as a Demonstration Project: An Ethical Perspective
Miller, F. G. Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0000

[Editorials] Grief and Depression: Treatment Decisions for Bereaved Children and Adults
Shear, M. K. Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0000


Archives of General Psychiatry current issue

ABOUT THIS JOURNAL: About This Journal
Mon, 01 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000

THIS MONTH IN ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY: This Month in Archives of General Psychiatry
Mon, 01 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000

ART AND IMAGES IN PSYCHIATRY: Summer Evening on the Beach at Skagen: The Artist and His Wife
Harris, J. C. Mon, 01 Jun 2009 00:00:00 -0000


Acad Psychiatry current issue

[EDITORIALS] Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry and Recruitment Into Psychiatry: An Ethical Issue?
Morreale, M. K., Balon, R., Weiss Roberts, L. Thu, 02 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0000

[POSITION STATEMENT] ADMSEP Position Statement on Recruitment
Thu, 02 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0000

[COMMENTARIES] Training Psychiatrists in Nonpsychiatric Medicine: What Do Our Patients and Our Profession Need?
Wright, M. T. Thu, 02 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0000


pubmed: 0924-9338

Clinical and research work in people with prodromal signs of psychosis.
McGuire P Related Articles Clinical and research work in people with prodromal signs of psychosis. Eur Psychiatry. 2009 May;24(4):I-II Authors: McGuire P PMID: 19562837 [PubMed - in process]
Apolipoprotein E allele 4 is not a sufficient or a necessary predictor of the development of Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Heun R, Gühne U, Luck T, Angermeyer MC, Ueberham U, Potluri R, Natalwala A, Arendt T, Riedel-Heller SG Related Articles Apolipoprotein E allele 4 is not a sufficient or a necessary predictor of the development of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Eur Psychiatry. 2009 Jun 25; Authors: Heun R, Gühne U, Luck T, Angermeyer MC, Ueberham U, Potluri R, Natalwala A, Arendt T, Riedel-Heller SG The presence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and of an apolipoprotein E (apoE) varepsilon4 allele both predict the development of Alzheimer's disease. However, the extent to which this allele also predicts the development of MCI is unclear even though MCI is an early transitional stage in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The present study investigates the prevalence of the apoE varepsilon4 allele in incipient MCI. Participants were recruited from the population-based Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA75+). All subjects who were initially cognitively healthy, i.e. did not meet MCI criteria described by Petersen [Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment. J Intern Med 2004; 256(3): 183-94], and whose apoE status could be determined were followed-up. After 4.5 years, 15.5% of the cognitively healthy target population had developed MCI. The frequencies of the apoE varepsilon4 genotype did not differ between individuals with incipient MCI (12.9%) and individuals who remained cognitively healthy during the study (18.4%, p>0.5). Consequently, the apoE varepsilon4 genotype is not a necessary or sufficient risk factor for MCI. Further studies need to investigate the influence of the whole range of genetic and environmental risk factors on the course of Alzheimer's disease including the initial development of MCI and the later conversion to Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 19560323 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Early improvement as a predictor of remission and response in schizophrenia: Results from a naturalistic study.
Jäger M, Schmauß M, Laux G, Pfeiffer H, Naber D, G Schmidt L, Gaebel W, Klosterkötter J, Heuser I, Maier W, Lemke MR, Degner D, Buchkremer G, Gastpar M, Möller HJ, Riedel M Related Articles Early improvement as a predictor of remission and response in schizophrenia: Results from a naturalistic study. Eur Psychiatry. 2009 Jun 24; Authors: Jäger M, Schmauß M, Laux G, Pfeiffer H, Naber D, G Schmidt L, Gaebel W, Klosterkötter J, Heuser I, Maier W, Lemke MR, Degner D, Buchkremer G, Gastpar M, Möller HJ, Riedel M OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive validity of early improvement in a naturalistic sample of inpatients and to identify the criterion that best defines early improvement. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-seven inpatients who fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia were assessed with the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at admission and at biweekly intervals until discharge from hospital. Remission was defined according to the recently proposed consensus criteria, response as a reduction of at least 40% in the PANNS total score from admission to discharge. RESULTS: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that early improvement (reduction of the PANSS total score within the first 2 weeks of treatment) predicts remission (AUC=0.659) and response (AUC=0.737) at discharge. A 20% reduction in the PANSS total score within the first 2 weeks was the most accurate cut-off for the prediction of remission (total accuracy: 65%; sensitivity: 53%; specificity: 76%), and a 30% reduction the most accurate cut-off for the prediction of response (total accuracy: 76%; sensitivity: 47%; specificity: 90%). CONCLUSION: The findings of clinical drug trials that early improvement is a predictor of subsequent treatment response were replicated in a naturalistic sample. Further studies should examine whether patients without early improvement benefit from an early change of antipsychotic medication. PMID: 19559572 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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