Cytopathology is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. The most common use of cytopathology is the Pap smear, used to detect cervical cancer at an early treatable stage.
Two methods of collecting cells for analysis are:
- Exfoliative Cytology – Cells are extracted from fluid shed into the body cavities. For example, in pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, or in the case of the Pap smear, cells scraped from the cervix.
- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) – An 23 to 27 gauge needle attached to a 10 cc syringe is used to aspirate (pull out) cells from lesions or masses in various organs of the body by application of negative pressure (suction). FNAC can be done directly on a mass in superficial regions like the neck, thyroid or breast; or it maybe be assisted by ultrasound or CAT scan. FNAC, while poorly developed in the USA, is widely used in Europe and India. The two countries with the most advanced FNAC services are Sweden (Karolinska hospital performs about 11 thousand annual aspirates), and Slovenia (Institute of Oncology performs about 10 thousand annual aspirates). The highest volumes in USA are encountered at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta GA, and MD Anderson Hostpital in Houston, TX, each contributing no more than 4 thousand aspirates per year.
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[ Cytopathology ]
Pelvic Exams and Pap Test
of Texas Cytopathology - Includes a guide to fine needle aspiration, cytology images, case studies and other resources for residents, clinicians and patients.
Cytopathnet - A resource center providing articles, FAQ, a forum, downloads and a newsletter covering recent advances in cytopathology.
Meta Description: [ Premier online resource center for cytopathology information. ]
Cytoquest - The Midwest Institute for Medical Education, offers an online cytopathology course as well as products for cytotechnologists and pathologists.
Quality Assurance and Training in Cytopathology - The accreditation process is explained and a list of members is given with meeting times, minutes and symposium details.