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<title>Pathology RSS : Gourt</title>
<link>http://www.gourt.com/Health/Medicine/Medical-Specialties/Pathology.xml</link>
<description></description>
<dc:language>en-us</dc:language>
<dc:rights>Copyright 2007, Gourt.com</dc:rights>
<dc:date>2010-02-09T15:35+23:00
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<dc:subject>Pathology RSS : Gourt</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_kansas/page_1.html">
<title>Southeast KRC.0210.0305.13C :: Kansas :: Rural Health Education &#x26; Services</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_kansas/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ KRC.0210.0305.13C    Pathologist needed for a great hospital and community!  105-bed hospital would like to add a board certified/eligible Pathologist to their team.  The hospital has several employment ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_north_dakota/page_2.html">
<title>Call for Information :: North Dakota :: Inhouse Physician Recruiters Network</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_north_dakota/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[The In-House Physician Recruiter Network, composed of over 500 hospital recruiters, represents over 10,000 hospitals and clinics. Our Network's special feature is to showcase outstanding physicians (who ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_texas/page_1.html">
<title>Not Disclosed :: Texas :: Locum Medical Group</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_texas/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[A healthcare organization located in Texas is looking for a Board Certified or Board Eligible Dermatopathologist. You will be responsible for providing diagnostics expertise and clinical analysis on specimens. ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_virginia/page_3.html">
<title>Statewide :: Virginia :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_virginia/page_3.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_texas/page_2.html">
<title>Statewide :: Texas :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_texas/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_pennsylvania/page_6.html">
<title>Statewide :: Pennsylvania :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_pennsylvania/page_6.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_ohio/page_2.html">
<title>Statewide :: Ohio :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_ohio/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_new_york/page_4.html">
<title>Statewide :: New York :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_new_york/page_4.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_new_jersey/page_4.html">
<title>Statewide :: New Jersey :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_new_jersey/page_4.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_maryland/page_2.html">
<title>Statewide :: Maryland :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_maryland/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_indiana/page_2.html">
<title>Statewide :: Indiana :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_indiana/page_2.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_illinois/page_3.html">
<title>Statewide :: Illinois :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_illinois/page_3.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_georgia/page_3.html">
<title>Statewide :: Georgia :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_georgia/page_3.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_florida/page_4.html">
<title>Statewide :: Florida :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_florida/page_4.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_district_of_columbia/page_1.html">
<title>Statewide :: District of Columbia :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_district_of_columbia/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_connecticut/page_1.html">
<title>Statewide :: Connecticut :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_connecticut/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_california/page_3.html">
<title>Statewide :: California :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_california/page_3.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_arizona/page_1.html">
<title>Statewide :: Arizona :: The Doctor Job</title>
<link>http://www.physemp.com/physician_jobs/perma_pathology_jobs_in_arizona/page_1.html</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Looking for a job in a big city?   Even if you've heard that a market is "saturated", we can help!  Many job openings  for physicians may be hidden and unavailable unless you know where to look. An excellent ]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/8">
<title>Spondylodiscitis and an aortic aneurysm due to Campylobacter coli.</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/8</link>
<description><![CDATA[Campylobacter  coli is a rare cause of bacteremia. We report here the first case of C.coli spondylodiscitis complicated by an aortic aneurysm. Outcome was favourable with surgery and antibiotic therapy.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/7">
<title>In vitro antifungal activity of hydroxychavicol isolated from Piper betle L</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/7</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Hydroxychavicol, isolated from the chloroform extraction of the aqueous leaf extract of Piper betle L., (Piperaceae) was investigated for its antifungal activity against 124 strains of selected fungi. The leaves of this plant have been long in use tropical countries for the preparation of traditional herbal remedies.
Methods:
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of hydroxychavicol were determined by using broth microdilution method following CLSI guidelines. Time kill curve studies, post-antifungal effects andmutation prevention concentrations were determined against Candida species and Aspergillus species "respectively". Hydroxychavicol was also tested for its potential to inhibit and reduce the formation of Candida albicans biofilms. The membrane permeability was measured by the uptake of propidium iodide.
Results:
Hydroxychavicol exhibited inhibitory effect on fungal species of clinical significance, with the MICs ranging from 15.62 to 500 ug/ml for yeasts, 125 to 500 ug/ml for Aspergillus species, and 7.81 to 62.5 ug/ml for dermatophytes where as the MFCs were found to be similar or two fold greater than the MICs. There was concentration-dependent killing of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata up to 8 x MIC. Hydroxychavicol also exhibited an extended post antifungal effect of 6.25 to 8.70 h at 4 x MIC for Candida species and suppressed the emergence of mutants of the fungal species tested at 2 x to 8 x MIC concentration. Furthermore, it also inhibited the growth of biofilm generated by C. albicans and reduced the preformed biofilms. There was increased uptake of propidium iodide by C. albicans cells when exposed to hydroxychavicol thus indicating that the membrane disruption could be the probable mode of action of hydroxychavicol.
Conclusions:
The antifungal activity exhibited by this compound warrants its use as an antifungal agent particularly for treating topical infections, as well as gargle mouthwash against oral Candida infections.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/6">
<title>Should we use closed or open infusion containers for prevention of bloodstream infections?</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/6</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Hospitalized patients in critical care settings are at risk for bloodstream infections (BSI). Most BSIs originate from a central line (CL), and they increase length of stay, cost, and mortality. Open infusion containers may increase the risk of contamination and administration-related CLAB because they allow the entry of air into the system, thereby also providing an opportunity for microbial entry. Closed infusion containers were designed to overcome this flaw. However, open infusion containers are still widely used throughout the world.The objective of the study was to determine the effect of switching from open (glass, burettes, and semi-rigid) infusion containers to closed, fully collapsible, plastic infusion containers (Viaflex) on the rate and time to onset of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABs).
Methods:
An open label, prospective cohort, active healthcare-associated infection surveillance, sequential study was conducted in four ICUs in Mexico. Centers for Disease Control National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Systems definitions were used to define device-associated infections.
Results:
A total of 1,096 adult patients who had a central line in place for >24 hours were enrolled. The CLAB rate was significantly higher during the open versus the closed container period (16.1 versus 3.2 CLAB/1000 central line days; RR=0.20, 95%, C I=0.11-0.36, P<0.0001). The probability of developing CLAB remained relatively constant in the closed container period (1.4% Days 2-4 to 0.5% Days 8-10), but increased in the open container period (4.9% Days 2-4 to 5.4% Days 8-10). The chance of acquiring a CLAB was significantly decreased (81%) in the closed container period (Cox proportional hazard ratio 0.19, P<0.0001). Mortality was statistically significantly lower during the closed versus the open container period (23.4% versus 16.1%; RR=0.69, 95% CI=0.54-0.88, P<0.01).
Conclusions:
Closed infusion containers significantly reduced CLAB rate, the probability of acquiring CLAB, and mortality.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/5">
<title>A set of novel multiplex Taqman real-time PCRs for the detection of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and its use in determining the prevalence of EPEC and EAEC in a university hospital</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/5</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Accurate measurement of the incidence of diarrhoeagenic E. coli in patients with diarrhoea is hindered by the current methods of detection and varies from country to country. In order to improve the diagnosis of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC), we developed a set of multiplex TaqMan real-time PCRs designed to detect the respective pathogens from an overnight stool culture.
Methods:
Over the period Jan 2006 to Dec. 2006 all stool specimens (n=1981) received were investigated for EPEC and EAEC.
Results:
Of these, 371 specimens had no growth of Enterobacteriaceae. Of the remaining 1610 specimens 144 (8,9 %) were positive for EPEC and 78 (4,8 %) positive for EAEC. Among the EPEC positive stool specimens 28 (19,4 %) were received from the tropical diseases unit, 49 (34 %) from the paediatric dept. and 67 (46,5 %) from the remainder of the wards. The EAEC were distributed as follows: 39 (50 %) - tropical diseases, 19 (24,4 %) -paediatrics and 20 (25,6 %) other wards. Proportionately more EAEC and EPEC were found in children less than 3 years of age than other age groups. In only 22,2 % of the detected EPEC and 23 % of EAEC was the investigation requested by hospital staff.
Conclusions:
This is, to our knowledge, the first study using a multiplex TaqMan PCR for the successful detection of diarrhoeagenic E. coli. In conclusion, due to the high prevalence of DEC detected, investigation of EPEC and EAEC should be recommended as a routine diagnostic test for patients with infectious diarrhoea.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/4">
<title>Screening a mushroom extract library for activity against Acinetobacter baumannii and Burkholderia cepacia and the identification of a compound with anti-Burkholderia activity </title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/4</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Acinetobacter baumannii and species within the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) are significant opportunistic bacterial pathogens of humans.  These species exhibit a high degree of antibiotic resistance, and some clinical isolates are resistant to all currently available antimicrobial drugs used for treatment.  Thus, new drugs are needed to treat infections by these species.  Mushrooms could be a potential source for new drugs to treat A. baumannii and BCC infections.
Methods:
The aim of this study was to screen a library of crude extracts from 330 wild mushrooms by disk diffusion assays for antibacterial activity against A. baumannii and Burkholderia cepacia in the hope of identifying a novel natural drug that could be used to treat infections caused by these species.  Once positive hits were identified, the extracts were subjected to bioassay-guided separations to isolate and identify the active drug molecules.  MICs were performed to gauge the in vitro activity of the purified compounds.
Results:
Only three crude extracts (0.9%) had activity against A. baumannii and B. cepacia.  Compounds from two of these extracts had MICs greater than 128 mug/ml, and further analyses were not performed.   From the third extract, prepared from Leucopaxillus albissimus, 2-aminoquinoline (2-AQ) was isolated.  This compound exhibited a modest MIC in vitro against strains from nine different BCC species, including multi-drug resistant clinical isolates (MIC = 8-64 mug/ml), and a weak MIC (128 mug/ml) against A baumannii.   The IC50 against a murine monocyte line was 1.5 mg/ml.
Conclusion:
The small number of positive hits in this study suggests that finding a new drug from mushrooms to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections may be difficult.   Although 2-AQ was identified in one mushroom, and it was shown to inhibit the growth of multi-drug resistant BCC isolates, the relatively high MICs (8-128 mug/ml) for both A. baumannii and BCC strains suggests that 2-AQ is not suitable for further drug development in its current form.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/3">
<title>Characterization of the quinolone resistant determining regions in clinical isolates of pneumococci collected in Canada</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/3</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
The objective of this study was to examine Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected from a longitudinal surveillance program in order to determine their susceptibility to currently used fluoroquinolones and of the frequency and type of mutations in the quinolone-resistant determining regions (QRDRs) of their parC and gyrA genes.
Methods:
The Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network has been collecting clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae from across Canada since 1988. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing was carried out according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.  The QRDRs of the parC and gyrA genes were sequenced for all isolates with ciprofloxacin MIC [greater than or equal to] 4 mg/L, and a large representative sample of isolates (N = 4,243) with MIC [less than or equal to] 2 mg/L.
Results:
A total of 4,798 out of 30,111 isolates collected from 1988, and 1993 to 2007 were studied.  Of those isolates that were successfully sequenced, 184 out of 1,032 with mutations in parC only, 11 out of 30 with mutations in gyrA only, and 292 out of 298 with mutations in parC and gyrA were considered resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC [greater than or equal to] 4 mg/L).  The most common substitutions in the parC were at positions 137 (n = 722), 79 (n = 209), and 83 (n = 56), of which substitutions at positions 79 and 83 were associated with 4-fold increase in MIC to ciprofloxacin, whereas substitutions at position 137 had minimal effect on the ciprofloxacin MIC.  A total of 400 out of 622 isolates with Lys-137 parC mutation belonged to serotypes 1, 12, 31, 7A, 9V, 9N and 9L, whereas only 49 out of 3064 isolates with no mutations belonged to these serotypes.  Twenty-one out of 30 isolates with substitutions at position 81 of the gyrA gene had an increased MIC to ciprofloxacin.  Finally, we found that isolates with mutations in both parC and gyrA were significantly associated with increased MIC to fluoroquinolones.
Conclusions:
Not all mutations, most frequently Lys-137, found in the QRDRs of the parC gene of S. pneumoniae is associated with an increased MIC to fluoroquinolones. The high prevalence of Lys-137 appears to be due to its frequent occurrence in common serotypes.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/2">
<title>Infected foot ulcers in male and female diabetic patients: a clinico-bioinformative study</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/2</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
The study aimed at (i) characterizing the mode of transmission of blaCTX-M and blaTEM-1 among extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from infected diabetic foot ulcers, and (ii) identifying the risk factors for "sex-associated multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial (MDRGNB)-infection status" of the ulcers.
Methods:
Seventy-seven diabetic patients having clinically infected foot ulcers were studied in a consecutive series. The E. coli strains isolated from the ulcers were screened for blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1, armA, rmtA and rmtB during the 2-year study-period. PCR amplified blaCTX-M genes were cloned and sequenced. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR was used for the analysis of genetic relatedness of the ESBL-producers. Risk factors for "sex-associated MDRGNB-infection status" of ulcers were assessed. Modeling was performed using Swiss-Model-Server and verified by Procheck and verify3D programmes. Discovery Studio2.0 (Accelrys) was used to prepare Ramachandran plots. Z-scores were calculated using 'WHAT IF'-package. Docking of cefotaxime with modeled CTX-M-15 enzyme was performed using Hex5.1.
Results:
Among 51 E. coli isolates, 14 (27.5%) ESBL-producers were identified. Only 7 Class1 integrons, 2 blaCTX-M-15, and 1 blaTEM-1 were detected. Ceftazidime and cefotaxime resistance markers were present on the plasmidic DNA of both the blaCTX-M-15 positive strains and were transmissible through conjugation. The residues Asn132, Glu166, Pro167, Val172, Lys234 and Thr235 of CTX-M-15 were found to make important contacts with cefotaxime in the docked-complex. Multivariate analysis proved 'Glycemic control at discharge' as the single independent risk factor.
Conclusions:
Male diabetic patients with MDRGNB-infected foot ulcers have poor glycemic control and hence they might have higher mortality rates compared to their female counterparts. Plasmid-mediated conjugal transfer, albeit at a low frequency might be the possible mechanism of transfer of blaCTX-M-15 resistance marker in the present setting. Since the docking results proved that the amino acid residues Asn132, Glu166, Pro167, Val172, Lys234 and Thr235 of CTX-M-15 (enzyme) make important contacts with cefotaxime (drug) in the 'enzyme-drug complex', researchers are expected to duly utilize this information for designing more potent and versatile CTX-M-inhibitors.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/1">
<title>Characterization of ESBL (SHV-12) producing clinical isolate of Enterobacter aerogenes from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/9/1/1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
We studied the beta-lactamases of an E. aerogenes isolate recovered from the blood of a two-year-old patient. The isolate demonstrated a disk-diffusion phenotype typical for an AmpC-ESBL co-producer.
Methods:
Microbiology studies were performed according to standard protocols. The resistance gene was identified by transconjugation and cloning experiments.
Results:
By transconjugation only a narrow spectrum beta-lactamase (TEM-1) encoded on a small plasmid was transmitted. The ESBL was cloned and expressed in an E. coli host. Sequence analysis of the recombinant plasmid revealed blaSHV-12 associated to the insertion sequence, IS26.
Conclusion:
This is the first study demonstrated the occurrence of SHV-12 in Nigeria.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/8/1/36">
<title>Hepatitis G virus infection in Egyptian children with chronic  renal  failure (single centre study)</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/8/1/36</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is an RNA virus. It is mainly transmitted through exposure to contaminated blood although other routes may also exist. Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are at high risk of acquiring HGV because they require frequent blood transfusions. Ongoing HGV infection can be only diagnosed by demonstrating viremia in patient sample by reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR. Antibodies to the envelop protein E2 (anti E2) of HGV is an indicator of virus clearance and testify past HGV contact. This cross sectional study was done to assess the frequency of HGV exposure (ongoing and past infection) in Egyptian children with CRF and to study the possible risk factors of infection.
Methods:
This study included 100 children with CRF [34 on regular haemodialysis (HD) and 66 before the start of dialysis (predialysis)]. All patients sera were tested for HGV RNA by RT-PCR, anti E2, hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAB). Twenty five healthy children of matched age & sex were used as controls.
Results:
HGV RNA was positive in 9 (26.5%) of HD and 9 (13.6%) of predialysis children. Anti E2 was positive in 14 (41.2%) of HD and 19 (28.8%) of predialysis children.In comparison to controls; CRF (n = 100); HD and predialysis children had significantly higher prevalence of anti E2 [4% VS 33% for all CRF cases; (p = 0.002)& 41.2% (p = 0.002) and 28.8% (p = 0.01); for HD and predialysis groups; respectively]. HGV RNA was significantly more prevalent only in HD children in comparison to controls (p = 0.03). HD and predialysis children did not have significant difference in the prevalence of HGV RNA (p = 0.16) or anti E2 (p = 0.26).HGV exposure was not correlated with positivity of anti HCV (p = 0.32), HCV RNA (0.09), HBsAg/HBcAB (p = 1), age (p = 0.06), or gender (p = 0.83). It was significantly correlated with duration of the disease (p < 0.001). Ongoing HGV infection was significantly more prevalent with frequent blood transfusion (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in serum levels of ALT (p = 0.09), total bilirubin (p = 0.1) and albumin (p = 0.06) in children with ongoing infection in comparison to healthy controls.
Conclusions:
The frequency of HGV exposure in Egyptian children with CRF appears to be high and is mainly related to frequent blood transfusions and longer disease duration. HGV infection in these children is not associated with significant changes in hepatic biochemical parameters.]]></description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/8/1/35">
<title>Microbiological evaluation of the efficacy of two new biodetergents on multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens</title>
<link>http://www.ann-clinmicrob.com/content/8/1/35</link>
<description><![CDATA[Background:
In the last few years, several outbreaks of nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogenic agents have been observed, and various biocides products were developed in order to control this phenomenon. We investigated the efficacy of two natural biodetergents composed of plants and kelps extracts, BATT1 and BATT2, against multidrug-resistant strains.
Methods:
In-vitro antibacterial efficacy of BATT1 and BATT2 against nosocomial multidrug-resistant isolates was assessed using a suspension-inhibition test, with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA). The test was also carried out on glass surfaces with and without BSA.
Results:
In vitro tests with both biocidal disinfectants at 25% concentration demonstrated an overall drop in bacterial, mould and yeast counts after 10 min of contact with or without organic substances. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was necessary to use undiluted disinfectants with and without an organic substance. The same results were obtained in tests carried out on glass surfaces for all strains.
Conclusions:
The natural products BATT1 and BATT2 behave like good biocides even in presence of organic substances. The use of both disinfectants may be beneficial for reducing hospital-acquired pathogens that are not susceptible to disinfectants.However, it has to be stressed that all these experiments were carried out in vitro and they still require validation from use in clinical practice.]]></description>
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