Gourt > Health > Medicine > Medical Specialties > Ophthalmology (86)
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases of the eye and their treatment. The word ophthalmology comes from the Greek roots ophthalmos meaning eye and logos meaning word; ophthalmology literally means "The science of eyes." As a discipline it applies to animal eyes also, since the differences from human practice are surprisingly minor and are related mainly to differences in anatomy or prevalence, not differences in disease processes. By convention the term ophthalmologist is more restricted and implies a medically trained specialist. Since ophthalmologists perform operations on eyes, they are generally categorized as surgeons.
History of ophthalmology
The eye, including its structure and mechanism, has fascinated scientists and the public in general since ancient times. The discovery of the eye went through two cycles of limiting speculation and freeing observation, which led to a dark age between Galen and Vesalius.
Arab scientists are some of the earliest to have written about and drawn the anatomy of the eye—the earliest known diagram being in Hunain ibn Is-hâq's Book of the Ten Treatises on the Eye. Earlier manuscripts exist which refer to diagrams which are not known to have survived. Current knowledge of the Græco-Roman understanding of the eye is limited, as many manuscripts lacked diagrams. In fact, there are very few Græco-Roman diagrams of the eye still in existence. Thus, it is not clear to which structures the texts refer, and what purpose they were thought to have.
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Archives of Ophthalmology current issue
About This Journal [About This Journal]
Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration After Cataract Surgery [Clinical Sciences]
Dong, L. M., Stark, W. J., Jefferys, J. L., Al-Hazzaa, S., Bressler, S. B., Solomon, S. D., Bressler, N. M. Objective To document age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression after cataract surgery. Methods Surgeons prospectively enrolled patients with nonneovascular AMD who were awaiting cataract surgery. Fluorescein angiography was performed preoperatively and at the postoperative week 1, month 3, and month 12 visits. Incidence of neovascular AMD development within 12 months after operation was the primary outcome measure. Results A total of 108 subjects were enrolled. Of 86 eyes with preoperatively photographically confirmed nonneovascular AMD, 71 had gradable images by month 12. Neovascular AMD was observed in 9 of 71 eyes (12.7%; 95% confidence interval, 6.0%-22.7%). The progression rate between week 1 and month 12 decreased to 3 of 65 eyes (4.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.0%-12.9%) after excluding 5 neovascular events identified on the postoperative week 1 visit and 1 case with missing photographs at this visit. Conclusion The low incidence rate of neovascular AMD development between 1 week and 1 year after cataract surgery did not support the hypothesis that cataract surgery increases the risk of AMD progression. Several eyes appeared to have disease progression on postsurgery week 1 fluorescein angiograms, suggesting that many cases of presumed progression to neovascular AMD following cataract surgery may have been present prior to cataract surgery, but not recognized owing to lens opacity.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss 9 Years After Excimer Laser Keratorefractive Surgery [Clinical Sciences]
Patel, S. V., Bourne, W. M. Objective To determine the long-term changes in the corneal endothelium after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods Twenty-nine eyes (16 patients) received myopic LASIK or PRK, with intended correction to emmetropia. Central endothelial photographs were taken before and 9 years after surgery and were analyzed by the same masked investigator after appropriate calibration for magnification. Comparisons were made by using generalized estimating equation models to account for any correlation between fellow eyes of the same patient. The annual exponential rate of cell loss was compared with cell loss during a 10-year period in 42 normal (unoperated) corneas of 42 subjects. Results Endothelial cell density 9 years after LASIK and PRK had decreased by 5.3% from preoperative density (P < .001), whereas coefficient of variation of cell area (P = .24) and percentage of hexagonal cells (P = .19) did not change. The mean annual rate of cell loss after refractive surgery (0.6% [standard deviation, 0.8%]) was not different from that in normal corneas (0.6% [0.5%], P = .88; minimum detectable difference = 0.5%; = .05; β = .20). Conclusions Laser in situ keratomileusis and PRK had no long-term effect on the corneal endothelium. Corneas that have undergone LASIK or PRK can be considered for use as donors for posterior lamellar keratoplasty procedures.
AgingEye Times - Current information on aging eye diseases like cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration and dry eyes.
Meta Description: [ Aging Eye Journal that provides cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, dry eyes and presbyopia related information, including signs, symptoms, treatment, surgery, clinical trials and research ]
Anatomy of an Eye - A basic description of the various major parts of the eye along with an illustrated diagram. From the Suranaree Institute of Technology, Thailand.
Atlas of Ophthalmology - Online multimedia database of ophthalmological pictures edited by professionals.
Meta Description: [ The Online Atlas of Ophthalmology is the biggest database with high-quality, peer-reviewed and commented pictures on the entire Internet. It is accessible for free - in English, Spanish and German. ]
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Catalogue of Ophthalmic Images - Over 5000 images in more than 250 categories.
Eye Atlas - Online collection of ophthalmological images.
Eye Care Source - Information on eye care, vision correction, eye diseases, and education.
Meta Description: [ A consumer guide to eye care, vision correction, contact lenses, and more. ]
Eye Casualty - Provide information on common eye emergencies.
Meta Description: [ Referral to the Eye Casualty in Oxford Eye Hospital Eye Casualty, UK ]
Eyeweb.org - Online atlas of ophthalmology, manual for physicians and medical students, case presentations, journal watch, quizzes and patient information.
Meta Description: [ Eyeweb.org homepage ]
Family Practice Notebook - Opthalmology - Comprehensive database of ophthalmological disorders.
Meta Description: [ Contains Anterior, Conjunctival Disorders, Corneal Disorders, Examination, Glaucoma, Injury, Lacrimal, Lens, Lid, Pupil, Retina, Sclera, Symptom Evaluation and Vision. Related chapters from other specialties include Cardiovascular, Hematology and Oncology, Neurology, Pediatrics, Pharmacology, Pr... ]
Foto-Web Ophthalmic Images - An educational collection of images of interest to ophthalmology specialists. Provided by Alcon.
General Practice Notebook - Ophthalmology - Coverage of this medical speciality.
Medscape: Ophthalmology - Features peer-reviewed, full-text articles, images and CME programs for physicians and medical professionals as well as interested consumers.
Meta Description: [ Medscape Ophthalmology is a free resource for Physicians, featuring Free Ophthalmology CME (Continuing Medical Education), Ophthalmology medical journal articles, MEDLINE, Ophthalmology medical news, major Ophthalmology conference coverage, and comprehensive drug information. ]
Ocellus - Directory of eye diseases, conditions and general ophthalmology, searchable by keyword and category.
Meta Description: [ Ocellus, a directory of eye diseases, dystrophies, and conditions, searchable by category. ]
Ophthalmology Jobs - Physician jobs for all specialties throughout North America.
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Ophthalmology Image Gallery - The Ophthalmology Image Gallery features over 500 photos, diagrams and graphics of the eye, examples of eye disorders.
Ophthalmology jobs - Ophthalmology jobs are listed at Physician Employment. You may register to
be automatically updated when new jobs are listed.
Ophthalmology Resource Center - Virtual community for ophthalmologists. Forums for speciality discussions.
Ophthalmoweb - Directory of Internet resources for ophthalmologists.
Meta Description: [ Ophthalmoweb, Your professional ophthalmological website Ophthalmoweb, su sitio profesional de Oftalmología en la red All resources for ophthalmologists in Internet: medline, bibliography, meetings, images, statistics, article tools, web creation, news, professional links, e mail, pharma... ]
Ophthalworld.com - Directory of ophthalmology related resources.
Meta Description: [ An integrated Ophthalmology Website of use to the Ophthalmic community ]
Ophthoguide - Ophthalmology search engine and custom medline searching.
OphthoLinx - Aggregates the current professional news and research from premier medical and healthcare journals and news sources.
Meta Description: [ Ophthalmologists keep current with free medical news and daily newsletters. OphthoLinx and MDLinx aggregates the most current medical journal news and research from premier medical and healthcare journals and news sources. Comprehensive, specialized content updated every day on the web and in e... ]
Preserving the Miracle of Sight: Lasers and Eye Surgery - A brief article describing how two streams of basic research intersected in the early 1960s to produce a revolution in ophthalmology.
Vision Rx - Offers online clinical-grade vision tests, eye care products and services and physician locator.
Windsor Eye Course - The Prince Charles Eye Unit runs a fellowship course for ophthalmologists preparing for the Final Fellowship examination.
Meta Description: [ exams for MRCOphth, ophthalmology examination in UK, eye exams, examination, examinations, diagnostic tests ]
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World of Ophthalmology - Information about ophthalmic journals, meetings with a database of images. By Dr. Victor Zamyatin.
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Xalatan.com: Image Library - Features photos, diagrams, and graphics of the eye.
Ophthalmology Job RSS feeds - All Physician Job RSS feeds: States with Ophthalmology Employment
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