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Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases of the eye and their treatment. The word ophthalmology comes from the Greek roots ophthalmos meaning eye and logos meaning word; ophthalmology literally means "The science of eyes." As a discipline it applies to animal eyes also, since the differences from human practice are surprisingly minor and are related mainly to differences in anatomy or prevalence, not differences in disease processes. By convention the term ophthalmologist is more restricted and implies a medically trained specialist. Since ophthalmologists perform operations on eyes, they are generally categorized as surgeons.

History of ophthalmology


The eye, including its structure and mechanism, has fascinated scientists and the public in general since ancient times. The discovery of the eye went through two cycles of limiting speculation and freeing observation, which led to a dark age between Galen and Vesalius.

Arab scientists are some of the earliest to have written about and drawn the anatomy of the eye—the earliest known diagram being in Hunain ibn Is-hâq's Book of the Ten Treatises on the Eye. Earlier manuscripts exist which refer to diagrams which are not known to have survived. Current knowledge of the Græco-Roman understanding of the eye is limited, as many manuscripts lacked diagrams. In fact, there are very few Græco-Roman diagrams of the eye still in existence. Thus, it is not clear to which structures the texts refer, and what purpose they were thought to have.

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Permanent Ophthalmology Job in Williamsport Pennsylvania with Susquehanna Health
Susquehanna Health is seeking an Ophthalmologist to join one (1) other in our practice and two (2) others that are in private practice here in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Be part of the team that is
Permanent Ophthalmology Job in Not Disclosed Nevada with Locum Medical Group
The VA is in need of an Ophthalmologist for their facility in Reno, Nevada. The assignment will begin in September and will continue for three months. A NV medical license is not required for this opportunity.
Permanent Ophthalmology Job in AL statewide Alabama with Medical Doctor Associates, Inc.
Outstanding opportunity for BC/BE Ophthalmologist to join existing practice. Tremendous growth within the community requires recruitment. Excellent financial package with Sign On Bonus. Located in

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology - Current Table Of Contents

Editorial introductions.
Page: viDOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328311f053
Pediatric strabismus imaging.
Page: 371DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328309f165Authors: Kadom, Nadja
Recent developments in the field of superior oblique palsies.
Page: 379DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328309f191Authors: Madigan, William P; Zein, Wadih M

Archives of Ophthalmology current issue

ABOUT THIS JOURNAL: About This Journal
Mon, 08 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000

CLINICAL TRIAL: Treatment of Posterior Uveitis With a Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant: Three-Year Clinical Trial Results
Callanan, D. G., Jaffe, G. J., Martin, D. F., Pearson, P. A., Comstock, T. L. Mon, 08 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Objectives  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.59-mg and 2.1-mg fluocinolone acetonide (FA) intravitreous implants in noninfectious posterior uveitis. Design  A 3-year, multicenter, randomized, historically controlled trial of the 0.59-mg FA intravitreous implant in 110 patients and the 2.1-mg FA intravitreous implant in 168 patients. Main Outcome Measures  Recurrence rate, vision, and complications. Results  Uveitis recurrence was reduced in implanted eyes from 62% (during the 1-year preimplantation period) to 4%, 10%, and 20% during the 1-, 2-, and 3-year postimplantation periods, respectively, for the 0.59-mg dose group (P < .01) and from 58% to 7%, 17%, and 41%, respectively, for the 2.1-mg dose group (P < .01). More implanted eyes than nonimplanted eyes had improved visual acuity (P < .01). Implanted eyes had higher incidences of intraocular pressure elevation (≥ 10 mm Hg) than nonimplanted eyes (P < .01), and glaucoma surgery was required in 40% of implanted eyes vs 2% of nonimplanted eyes (P < .01). Cataracts were extracted in 93% of phakic implanted eyes vs 20% of phakic nonimplanted eyes (P < .01). Conclusions  The FA implant significantly reduced uveitis recurrence and improved or stabilized visual acuity in subjects with noninfectious posterior uveitis. Most subjects required cataract extraction, and a significant proportion required intraocular pressure–lowering surgery. Application to Clinical Practice  The FA implant provides an alternative therapy for prolonged control of inflammation in noninfectious posterior uveitis. Trial Registration  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00407082
CLINICAL TRIAL: Topical Ketorolac in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Masked Trial
Kim, S. J., Lo, W. R., Hubbard, G. B., Srivastava, S. K., Denny, J. P., Martin, D. F., Yan, J., Bergstrom, C. S., Cribbs, B. E., Schwent, B. J., Aaberg, T. M. Mon, 08 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0000
Objective  To evaluate the effects of topical ketorolac in patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. Methods  One hundred nine patients undergoing vitrectomies were randomized to receive either topical ketorolac tromethamine, 0.4%, or placebo. Patients were instructed to begin taking the study medication 3 days preoperatively (4 times daily) and to continue taking it 4 weeks postoperatively. Main Outcome Measures  Intraoperative pupil diameter, postoperative day 1 pain and inflammation, 1-month postoperative retinal thickness, and preoperative and 1-month postoperative best-corrected visual acuities. Results  The difference in mean pupil diameters between patients using ketorolac and those taking placebo was 0.06 mm (P = .39). Patients taking ketorolac and those taking placebo had mean pain scores (scale, 1-10) of 0.24 (SD, 0.6) and 1.06 (SD, 2) (P = .03) and mean inflammation grades (grade, 0-4) of 0.59 (SD, 0.7) and 1.16 (SD, 0.9) (P < .001), respectively. Ketorolac reduced central subfield thickness by 8%, but this was not statistically significant. At 1 month, mean visual acuities improved to 0.40 logMAR units (mean Snellen, 20/50; SD, 0.28 logMAR units) in the ketorolac group from 0.83 logMAR units (20/150+2; SD, 0.60 logMAR units) at baseline and to 0.67 logMAR units (20/100+1; SD, 0.46 logMAR units) in the placebo group from 0.92 logMAR units (20/150–2; SD, 0.62 logMAR units) at baseline (P = .001). Conclusions  Topical ketorolac was well tolerated and safe, reduced postoperative pain and inflammation, and improved visual recovery in this prospective, double-masked trial. Application to Clinical Practice  Topical ketorolac may benefit patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. Trial Registration  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00576329

 
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Anatomy of an Eye - A basic description of the various major parts of the eye along with an illustrated diagram. From the Suranaree Institute of Technology, Thailand.

Atlas of Ophthalmology - Online multimedia database of ophthalmological pictures edited by professionals.
Meta Description: [ The Online Atlas of Ophthalmology is the biggest database with high-quality, peer-reviewed and commented pictures on the entire Internet. It is accessible for free - in English, Spanish and German. ]

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Family Practice Notebook - Opthalmology - Comprehensive database of ophthalmological disorders.
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Medscape: Ophthalmology - Features peer-reviewed, full-text articles, images and CME programs for physicians and medical professionals as well as interested consumers.
Meta Description: [ Medscape Ophthalmology is a free resource for Physicians, featuring Free Ophthalmology CME (Continuing Medical Education), Ophthalmology medical journal articles, MEDLINE, Ophthalmology medical news, major Ophthalmology conference coverage, and comprehensive drug information. ]

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Ophthalmology Jobs - Physician jobs for all specialties throughout North America.

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Ophthalmology jobs - Ophthalmology jobs are listed at Physician Employment. You may register to be automatically updated when new jobs are listed.

Ophthalmology Resource Center - Virtual community for ophthalmologists. Forums for speciality discussions.

Ophthalmoweb - Directory of Internet resources for ophthalmologists.
Meta Description: [ Ophthalmoweb, Your professional ophthalmological website Ophthalmoweb, su sitio profesional de Oftalmología en la red All resources for ophthalmologists in Internet: medline, bibliography, meetings, images, statistics, article tools, web creation, news, professional links, e mail, pharma... ]

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Preserving the Miracle of Sight: Lasers and Eye Surgery - A brief article describing how two streams of basic research intersected in the early 1960s to produce a revolution in ophthalmology.

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Windsor Eye Course - The Prince Charles Eye Unit runs a fellowship course for ophthalmologists preparing for the Final Fellowship examination.
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