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<dc:date>2009-07-01T22:40+24:00
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<item rdf:about="http://journals.lww.com/co-obgyn/Fulltext/2009/06000/Does_assisted_reproductive_technology_cause_birth.12.aspx">
<title>Does assisted reproductive technology cause birth defects?</title>
<link>http://journals.lww.com/co-obgyn/Fulltext/2009/06000/Does_assisted_reproductive_technology_cause_birth.12.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[Purpose of review: Observational studies have reported small but increased risk of birth defects associated with assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies. We intend to review the current data on this issue to provide essential information for patient counseling.
Recent findings: There is lack of consensus on whether ART per se increases the risk of birth defects, genetic and imprinting disorders, mostly due to the bias inherent to the observational studies, which suggest 30-40% increased risk of birth defects with ART. Recent reports suggest that apparent risks for adverse outcome following ART may be largely related to parental infertility-linked factors. Criteria used to define birth defects bring challenges as well.
Summary: All couples undergoing these procedures should be counseled about the current information suggesting elevated risks of birth defects, genetic abnormalities and imprinting disorders associated with infertility and the infertility treatment with ART. In order to elucidate the controversy whether ART is associated with adverse outcome in the offspring, a multinational collaborative effort is needed, as the required sample size is between 10 000 and 84 000 or more.
(C) 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://journals.lww.com/co-obgyn/Fulltext/2009/06000/Is_there_a_role_of_autoimmunity_in_implantation.18.aspx">
<title>Is there a role of autoimmunity in implantation failure after in-vitro fertilization?</title>
<link>http://journals.lww.com/co-obgyn/Fulltext/2009/06000/Is_there_a_role_of_autoimmunity_in_implantation.18.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[Purpose of review: The process of implantation involves the interaction of the human blastocyst and the uterine epithelium. Several autoimmune factors have been implicated to have an influence on implantation failure.
Recent findings: Recent studies have investigated the role of autoimmune factors in implantation in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization. Antiphospholipid antibodies are identified more frequently in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization, but their presence does not appear to influence the outcome of pregnancy, miscarriage, or live birth rates. Antithyroid antibodies are commonly found in women of reproductive age, but implantation rates and miscarriage rates are not altered when women have normal thyroid function. Antinuclear antibodies may be a marker for underlying autoimmune disease when coupled with certain signs and symptoms, but low-titer antibodies do not influence in-vitro fertilization outcome. Antisperm antibodies are more often associated with fertilization failure when found in high titers in seminal plasma, in sperm, or in the mucosal immune system of women. Antisperm antibodies are uncommon but most often associated with ovarian hypofunction.
Summary: Implantation is characterized by the interaction of two immunologically and genetically distinct tissues. During implantation, local and systemic immune factors, cytokines, and growth factors may interact with adhesion molecules and other matrix-associated proteins, glycoproteins, and peptides.
(C) 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.]]></description>
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