Gourt > Health > Education > Patient Education (4)
Education formally is a social science that encompasses teaching and learning specific knowledge, beliefs, and skills. Good teachers in a given field use a variety of methods and materials in order to impart a knowledge of a curriculum to the students. Informally, teaching is the process of learning how things work including numbers, reading and language that are taught by parents and other members of the student's culture. There has been a plethora of journals, magazines, books, and digests in the field of education that addresses these areas. Such literature addresses the teaching practices, with subjects that include lectures, game playing, testing, scheduling, record keeping, bullying, seating arrangements, interests, motivation, and computer access. However, the most important factors in any teacher's effectiveness is the interaction with students and the knowledge and personality of the teacher. The best teachers are able to translate knowledge of a subject, good judgment, experience, and wisdom into a significant knowledge of a subject that is understood and retained by the student. It is their ability to understand a subject well enough they can convey its essence to a new generation of students that is needed by all teachers. The goal is to establish a foundation of knowledge base that allows the student to build on as they are exposed to different life experiences. The passing of knowledge from generation to generation (see socialisation) allows the student to grow into a useful member of society.
Overview
It is widely accepted that the process of education begins at birth and continues throughout life. Some believe that education begins even earlier than this, as evidenced by some parents' playing music or reading to the baby in the hope it will influence the child's development. More on [ Education ]
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Balancing rigor against the inherent limitations of investigating hard-to-reach populations
Crosby, R. A., Salazar, L. F., DiClemente, R. J., Lang, D. L. Maintaining rigor in research is critical; however, this need must be balanced by the necessity of conducting studies in populations where inherent barriers exist relative to key issues such as recruitment, attrition, sampling, sample size, assessment techniques, psychometric rigor, the identification of mediators and moderators and the practical relevance of the research question itself. Ultimately, the value of a study in health promotion should be judged on the practicality of the research question within the context of the target population. Striking the perfect balance between rigor and practicality to the field is a question that health promotion researchers and professionals need to determine through ongoing dialogue and debate.
Participation rates and representativeness of African Americans recruited to a health promotion program
Halbert, C. H., Kumanyika, S., Bowman, M., Bellamy, S. L., Briggs, V., Brown, S., Bryant, B., Delmoor, E., Johnson, J. C., Purnell, J., Rogers, R., Weathers, B. When using community-based participatory methods to develop health promotion programs for specific communities, it is important to determine if participation differs based on sociodemographics and the extent to which program participants are demographically representative of the target community, especially when non-random recruitment methods are used. We evaluated rates of participating in a health promotion program among African American residents in an urban community and determined if program participants were representative of community residents in terms of sociodemographic factors. While participation in the program was modest, participation did not differ based on psychological factors or body mass index. However, individuals who were unemployed were significantly more likely to participate in the program compared with those who were employed. Our sample included a greater proportion of individuals who only had a high school education compared with community residents but was similar to community residents in terms of gender, marital status and employment.
Interviewer effects in public health surveys
Davis, R. E., Couper, M. P., Janz, N. K., Caldwell, C. H., Resnicow, K. Interviewer effects can have a substantial impact on survey data and may be particularly operant in public health surveys, where respondents are likely to be queried about racial attitudes, sensitive behaviors and other topics prone to socially desirable responding. This paper defines interviewer effects, argues for the importance of measuring and controlling for interviewer effects in health surveys, provides advice about how to interpret research on interviewer effects and summarizes research to date on race, ethnicity and gender effects. Interviewer effects appear to be most likely to occur when survey items query attitudes about sociodemographic characteristics or respondents’ engagement in sensitive behaviors such as substance use. However, there is surprisingly little evidence to indicate whether sociodemographic interviewer–respondent matching improves survey response rates or data validity, and the use of a matched design introduces possible measurement bias across studies. Additional research is needed to elucidate many issues, including the influence of interviewers’ sociodemographic characteristics on health-related topics, the role of within-group interviewer variability on survey data and the simultaneous impact of multiple interviewer characteristics. The findings of such research would provide much-needed guidance to public health professionals on whether or not to match interviewers and respondents on key sociodemographic characteristics.
Process evaluation of the Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) in rural South Africa
Hargreaves, J., Hatcher, A., Strange, V., Phetla, G., Busza, J., Kim, J., Watts, C., Morison, L., Porter, J., Pronyk, P., Bonell, C. The Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) combines microfinance, gender/HIV training and community mobilization (CM) in South Africa. A trial found reduced intimate partner violence among clients but less evidence for impact on sexual behaviour among clients’ households or communities. This process evaluation examined how feasible IMAGE was to deliver and how accessible and acceptable it was to intended beneficiaries during a trial and subsequent scale-up. Data came from attendance registers, financial records, observations, structured questionnaires (378) and focus group discussions and interviews (128) with clients and staff. Gender/HIV training and CM were managed initially by an academic unit (‘linked’ model) and later by the microfinance institution (MFI) (‘parallel’ model). Microfinance and gender/HIV training were feasible to deliver and accessible and acceptable to most clients. Though participation in CM was high for some clients, others experienced barriers to collective action, a finding which may help explain lack of intervention effects among household/community members. Delivery was feasible in the short term but both models were considered unsustainable in the longer term. A linked model involving a MFI and a non-academic partner agency may be more sustainable and is being tried. Feasible models for delivering microfinance and health promotion require further investigation.
Pilot study of a cognitive intervention program for persons with multiple sclerosis
Shevil, E., Finlayson, M. Cognitive impairments are prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can significantly limit participation in daily activities. Although the clinical depiction of cognitive impairments in MS has been well investigated, strategies to manage cognitive difficulties are less well studied. This pilot study tested a 5-week, group-based community program addressing strategies to self-manage MS cognitive changes. The goals of the program were to increase participants’ knowledge of cognitive impairments, increase levels of self-efficacy to manage cognitive difficulties and increase use of management strategies. Participants were taught various cognitive compensatory strategies and practiced their implementation between sessions. Thirty-five individuals with MS with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairments participated in the program. All participants exhibited increased knowledge of cognitive impairments and their daily impact. Participants significantly increased levels of self-efficacy in their ability to manage cognitive difficulties (22=37.15, P ≤ 0.0001). Self-efficacy scores were maintained at follow-up (12=1.48, P = 0.2230). Although the number of strategies participants used did not change significantly (22=2.82, P = 0.2446), they reported increased effectiveness of strategies and being able to generalize strategies to other activities. Study results point to the potential benefits of self-management programs to address cognitive symptoms in MS. Study limitations include no control group and use of non-standardized outcome measures.
The identification of framed messages in the New York State Smokers' Quitline materials
Latimer, A. E., Green, K. E., Schmid, K., Tomasone, J., Abrams, S., Cummings, K. M., Celestino, P., Salovey, P., Seshadri, S., Toll, B. A. Research suggests that smoking cessation messages are most persuasive when framed in terms of the benefits achieved from quitting (i.e. gain-framed) than when framed in terms of the costs of not quitting (i.e. loss-framed). It is unknown, however, if these findings about optimal message frames have been translated into public health practice. The current study examined message framing in telephone counseling sessions with smokers calling the New York State Smokers’ Quitline (NYSSQ). We conducted a content analysis of all NYSSQ print material and 12 Quitline service calls. Two independent raters coded each message within these documents as being gain-framed, loss-framed or non-framed. Messages from the service calls also were coded for their function (e.g. information provision, information gathering). Interrater reliability was acceptable (kappa > 0.80). Of the 997 print messages evaluated, 21.6% were gain-framed, 13.8% were loss-framed and 64.6% were non-framed. For the service calls, only the messages with an information provision function included framed content. Of the 420 information provision messages, 10.2% were gain-framed, 1.7% were loss-framed and 88.1% were non-framed. The loss-framed and non-framed messages indicate missed opportunities for providing gain-framed messages within the Quitline services, thus emphasizing a possible gap between research and practice.
Complete Home Medical Guide - Online medical encyclopedia. Includes commonly prescribed drugs.
AllAboutBlackHealth - Information on health related issues as they affect African Americans and other minorities at risk.
Anesthesia Preoperative Preparation - Useful information on the preoperative preparation of patients for anesthesia and surgery.
Be MedWise - A public education initiative by the National Council on Patient Information and Education (NCPIE) to promote safe and appropriate use of over-the-counter medicines.
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Children's Hospital Medical Center of Cincinnati - Patient education information written by the nurses and physicians at Children's Hospital Medical Center of Cincinnati.
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Cliff Steer : Heart Man - Free video by a heart transplant patient, aimed at Jr. High kids, about positive life styles, the non-use of drugs and alcohol, and organ donation.
CT Network - Provides support for CAT Scan patients. Includes a message board for communication, descriptions, and links for all things CT.
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Enhancement, Inc - A nonprofit foundation whose purpose is to teach and disseminate material relating to health and/or wellness, through videos, publications, and lectures.
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Health Authority - Offers information on tobacco addiction, weight loss, cholesterol reduction and hypertension control.
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HELP - Health Education Library for People - with many free online full-text books and magazines on health and illness.
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Home Healthcare Guide - The NHS Home Healthcare guide from SurgeryDoor provides over 120 pages on common ailments, their causes, effects and treatment.
How to Review Your Blood Test Results - Explains glucose, electrolytes, minerals, thyroid and others.
JAMA's Patient Education Pages - The full text of patient education pages from the Journal of the American Medical Association.
James Kimbro Maguire, Jr., M.D. Simmons Surgical Society - Dr. Maguire is a spine surgeon and member of the Simmons Surgical Society.
Juvenile Diabetes - Juvenile Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder which can be due to environmental trigger or virus which hampers the function of beta cell. Juvenile Diabetic lack the production of insulin so sugar builds up high in the blood, overflows into the urine and passes from the body unused.
Juvenile Diabetes - Juvenile Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder which can be due to environmental trigger or virus which hampers the function of beta cell. Juvenile Diabetic lack the production of insulin so sugar builds up high in the blood, overflows into the urine and passes from the body unused.
Lab Tests Online - Designed as a single resource where people can find up-to-date lab testing information vital to the understanding and management of their health.
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Mayo Clinic Health Oasis - Mayo Clinic experts provide current medical information and news on health topics.
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Med Help International - The Virtual Medical Center for Patients - Med Help provides patient medical information via our virtual medical center. Site includes: the largest patient medical library on the Net, Ask-The-Doctor Forums, medical news, and patient networking.
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Medifocus Patient Research Guides - A unique new Internet health resource. Covering over 220 conditions, for consumers and families facing chronic or life-threatening medical diseases. Free sample Guides are available.
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MedInfo - Patient Information - MedInfo provides accessible and easy to understand information for patients on common ailments and medical questions.
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MUSC Health - Complete health and disease information along with the latest health care news. Presented by the experts at the Medical University of South Carolina.
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National Council on Patient Information and Education (NCPIE) - Designed to help consumers make sound decisions about the use of medicines, and to stimulate and improve communication between consumers and health care professionals by developing programs, providing educational kits, and offering guidelines, tips, and resources.
NetHealth Online Guide - A comprehensive guide to health on the Internet, with reviews and links to hundreds of online resources.
Netwellness.org - Health and wellness information from the faculty of the Universities of Cincinnati, Ohio State and Case Western Reserve. Question answering for non-emergencies.
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NOAH: Health Topics and Resources - A meta site of listings by topic and source with the added bonus of offering a large selection of materials in Spanish as well as English.
Ohio State University's Patient Education Documents - Covers an extensive list of medical and surgical conditions. Documents are available in pdf format.
Patient Medical Assistant - Dr. Michael Cole's quick and simple guidelines for common medical problems.
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Patient Protect - Consultation devoted to protecting patients against healthcare costs, abuse, negligence, and incompetence in the field. Articles, resources, and links for those seeking medical advice or treatment.
PreOp.com - Offers patients animated videos, graphics, and medical illustrations as explanations for the most common surgical and diagnostic procedures performed in the US.
Remedyfind - Individuals and health care professionals can rate and review the effectiveness of different treatments for specific health conditions.
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Seek Wellness - Information on incontinence, sexual problems, low testosterone, high fiber foods, eating disorders, wellness, fitness, overactive bladder, arthritis, and some other diseases.
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Simmons Surgical Society - The Simmons Surgical Society is a group of physicians dedicated to the alleviation of pain and suffering experienced by patients with spinal disorders
SoYouWanna Be A Human Guinea Pig? - This full-length article will teach you how to volunteer for science experiments, from simple questionnaires to complex drug trials.
StopGettingSick.com - Current medical news, articles, and research.
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The Medical Reporter - An independent, educational health and medical magazine on the Web for health care consumers.
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Think Like A Doctor - An online community seminar for healthcare consumers to become even better patients by improving the relationship with their doctor.
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Whole Hearted Living - Provided by the Oxford Heart Health Network and the Oxford County Board of Health, Ontario, Canada. It contains useful health information and links.
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Why Doctors Order Laboratory Tests - An excellent reference, written for parents to help explain diagnostic procedures to their children. Because its intended audience is children, the descriptions are brilliant in their simplicity and structure. You can search for a test in two ways: 1) by name, or 2) by the kind of sample that is collected or type of imaging.
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Wired for Health - Health information at the touch of a button for young people and their teachers, Wired for Health aims to provide accurate and engaging information on health.
Health Education Research - current issue - Health Education Research - RSS feed of current issue
Health Education Research - current issue - Health Education Research - RSS feed of current issue
Health Education Research - current issue - Health Education Research - RSS feed of current issue
Health Education Research - current issue - Health Education Research - RSS feed of current issue
Health Education Research - current issue - Health Education Research - RSS feed of current issue
Health Education Research - current issue - Health Education Research - RSS feed of current issue
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