Endodontics is a specialty of dentistry, that deals with the tooth pulp and tissues surrounding the root of a tooth. The pulp (containing nerves, blood and lymph vessels) can become diseased or injured and thus is unable to repair itself. The pulp then dies and endodontic treatment is required.
Dentists specializing in this field are called endodontists and complete an additional 2-3 years of training following dental school.
The most common procedure done in endodontics is root-canal therapy, which involves the removal of diseased pulp tissue. The aim of treatment is to remove infection caused by bacteria from inside the tooth. If left, the infection would leak out of the tooth's root and make the surrounding bone ill and painful. Once the diseased tissues are removed, the body's defense system can then repair the damage created by disease. Usually, this will require 2-3 visits to your dentist. The dentist will use a local anesthetic to make the procedure pain-free. In most places, it is considered a standard of care to use a rubber dam in order to isolate the tooth and provide a clean environment. An opening is made on the top of the tooth. Then the pulp chamber and root canals are cleaned and shaped for filling and sealing. Between visits, the opening is temporarily filled and removed during the next visit for the next step in the treatment. The tooth will need to be restored, usually by a new crown. If required, support will be added to hold the final restoration in place.
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