Flat feet, also called pes planus or fallen arches, is the condition in humans in which arch of the foot collapses, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. In some individuals (an estimated 20-30% of the general population) the arch simply never develops in one foot (unilaterally) or both feet (bilaterally). Horses can also develop flat feet.
Recent medical research indicates that arch support inserts and certain heel cups, inserted into a growing child's shoes, can facilitate the proper development of the longitudinal arch, by holding the foot in the correct neutral position while it is growing. There is little debate, however, that going barefoot, particularly over terrain such as a beach where muscles are given a good workout, is good for all but the most extremely flatfooted, or those with certain related conditions such as plantar fasciitis. One medical study in India, with a large sample size of children who had grown up wearing shoes and others going barefoot, found that the longitudinal arches of the barefooters were generally stronger and higher as a group.
More on [ Flat feet ]

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Flat Feet - Information from the British Orthopaedic Foot Ankle Society.
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Pes planus - Information from the MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.
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