Pectus excavatum is a congenital deformity (present at birth) that causes the sternum to be depressed into the chest causing a "caved-in" or sunken look.
The deformity is often incorrectly considered by doctors to be a cosmetic rather than functional problem, but recent studies have shown pectus excavatum to cause decreased cardiac and respiratory function, and sometimes pain in the chest and back.* Untreated patients, especially youths, can experience negative psychosocial effects throughout their lives, avoiding activities where a shirt is not worn.
The condition usually progresses during the time of rapid bone growth in the early teenage years. Estimates for the prevalence of this condition range from one in 150 to 1000 children. Though the cause is not certain, the male/female ratio is 3 to 1, and occurrences of the condition in family members have been reported in 35% to 45% of cases.*
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