Streptococcus is a genus of spherical, Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. Cellular division occurs along a single axis in these bacteria, and thus they grow in chains or pairs, thus the name — from Greek streptos, meaning easily bent or twisted, like a chain. Constrast this with staphylococci which divide along multiple axes and generate grape-like clusters of cells.
In addition to strep throat, members of this genus are responsible for many cases of meningitis, bacterial pneumonia, endocarditis, erysipelas and even necrotizing fasciitis (so-called 'flesh-eating' bacterial infections). It should be noted, however, that many streptococcal species are harmless.
Streptococci are part of the normal commensal flora of the mouth, skin, intestine and upper respiratory tract of humans.
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