Gourt > Health > Conditions and Diseases > Infectious Diseases > Bacterial > Campylobacteriosis
Campylobacteriosis is among the most common bacterial infections of humans. It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, diarrhea or dysentery syndrome. It is responsible for proctocolitis in participants of anoreceptive intercourse, bacteremia in AIDS patients and other immunocompromised patients, and travelers' diarrhea. Helicobacter pylori is closely related to Campylobacter and causes peptic ulcer disease.
Epidemiology
An estimated 2 million cases of Campylobacter enteritis occur annually in the U.S., accounting for 5-7% of cases of gastroenteritis. A large animal reservoir is present, with up to 100% of poultry, including chickens, turkeys, and waterfowl, having asymptomatic infections in their intestinal tracts.
Pathophysiology
Campylobacter organisms are curved or spiral, motile, non–spore-forming, gram-negative rods. The known routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, raw milk and poultry ingestion, and waterborne (ie, through contaminated water supplies). Exposure to sick pets, especially puppies, has also been associated with outbreaks. The infectious dose is 1000-10,000 bacteria. Campylobacter species are sensitive to hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and acid reduction treatment can reduce the amount of inoculum needed to cause disease. Symptoms begin after an incubation period of one to seven days. The sites of tissue injury include the jejunum, the ileum, and the colon. C jejuni appears to invade and destroy epithelial cells. Some strains of C jejuni produce a cholera-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections. The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura through a poorly understood mechanism. In patients with HIV, infections may be more frequent, may cause prolonged or recurrent diarrhea, and may be more commonly associated with bacteremia and antibiotic resistance. The severity and persistence of infection in patients with AIDS and hypogammaglobulinemia indicates that both cell-mediated and humoral immunity are important in preventing and terminating infection. More on [ Campylobacteriosis ]
Food and Water Borne :: Conditions and Diseases
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Bad Bug Book: Campylobacter jejuni - Includes organism information, symptoms, associated foods, and complications.
Campylobacter - Learn about food poisoning and gastroenteritis, two illnesses commonly caused by campylobacter.
Meta Description: [ Learn about food poisoning and gastroenteritis, two illnesses commonly caused by campylobacter. ]
Campylobacter Enteritis - Includes symptoms, source, treatment, and prevention.
Campylobacter Information - Frequently asked questions about Campylobacter from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Campylobacter: Low-Profile Bug Is Food Poisoning Leader - Information about the disease including its link to Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Meta Description: [ Most Campylobacter infections are sporadic and not associated with an outbreak, but it is known to cause up to 4 million human infections a year. ]
Campylobacteriosis: A New Foodborne Illness - Ohio State University Extension fact sheet providing basic information and guidelines.
Meta Description: [ These bacteria are fairly widespread, occurring in humans and animals, skin, soil, and water. They can live in any setting that provides nutrients, mo ]
Communicable Disease: Campylobacteriosis - Fact sheet from the New York State Department of Health.
Meta Description: [ Communicable Disease Fact Sheet, campylobacteriosis ]
Institute of Food Science and Technology: Campylobacteriosis - Fact sheet with risk factors and control.
Kidshealth: Campylobacter Infections - Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus symptoms, causes, treatment, risk factors, and prevention.
Meta Description: [ Campylobacter bacteria infection (or campylobacteriosis) can cause diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, and fever, and typically lasts 1 week. Good hand-washing and food safety habits can prevent these infections. ]
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Campylobacter Enteritis - Features symptoms, tests, treatment, complications, and prevention.
Medmicro: Campylobacter and Helicobacter - Scientific and medical information about the two geunus of bacteria.
Preventing Foodborne Illness: Campylobacteriosis - Factsheet with extensive information on the prevention of the disease.
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The Increasing Incidence of Human Campylobacteriosis - Report and proceedings of a WHO consultation of experts.
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