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Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most common illness affecting travelers. Traveler's diarrhea is defined as three or more unformed stools in 24 hours, commonly accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, and bloating.

Incidence


Each year between 20%-50% of international travelers, an estimated 10 million persons, develop diarrhea. The onset of TD usually occurs within the first week of travel but may occur at any time while traveling, and even after returning home. TD is also known to mountaineers, as it can occur in camps due to inappropriate sanitary conditions. Mexico has become so notorious for travelers' diarrhea that it has been named half in jest as Montezuma's revenge.

Causative organisms


Among the microorganisms responsible, bacteria represent approximately 61%. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, and Shigella spp. are the most common bacteria involved. Other bacteria that cause diarrhea, such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Cryptosporidium, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas spp., are isolated incidences and occur less often. Also protozoan parasites such as Giardia lamblia may cause diarrhea.

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BioMed Central: Travelers' Diarrhea - Scientific and medical article.

Johns Hopkins University Student Health Center: Traveler's Diarrhea Info - Factsheet with causes, prevention, and treatment.

MayoClinic.com: Traveler's Diarrhea - Features signs, symptoms, causes, prevention, and treatment.
Meta Description: [ Traveler's diarrhea — Comprehensive overview covers treatment, causes, prevention of this digestive distress. ]

MDTravel Health - Travelers' Diarrhea - Includes causes, symptoms, prognosis, prevention, and treatment.
Meta Description: [ MDTravel Health - complete travel health information, updated daily, for physicians and travelers. ]

MedicineNet: Traveler's Diarrhea - Consumer information on travelers diarrhea, includes symptoms, causes, prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Meta Description: [ Digestion information covering the digestion system and related diseases, procedures and tests, medications, and treatments. Produced by doctors. ]

Prevention and Treatment of Traveler's Diarrhea - Article and factsheet from the American Academy of Family Physicians.

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Traveler's Diarrhea - Familydoctor.org - Factsheet with causes, prevention, and treatment.
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Traveler's Diarrhea: The Merck Manual - Usually caused by bacteria in local water. Features causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

Travelers' Diarrhea - Factsheet from the CDC.
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