Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most common illness affecting travelers. Traveler's diarrhea is defined as three or more unformed stools in 24 hours, commonly accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, and bloating.
Incidence
Each year between 20%-50% of international travelers, an estimated 10 million persons, develop
diarrhea. The onset of TD usually occurs within the first week of travel but may occur at any time while traveling, and even after returning home.
TD is also known to mountaineers, as it can occur in camps due to inappropriate sanitary conditions.
Mexico has become so notorious for travelers' diarrhea that it has been named half in jest as
Montezuma's revenge.
Causative organisms
Among the microorganisms responsible,
bacteria represent approximately 61%.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteroaggregative
E. coli, and
Shigella spp. are the most common bacteria involved. Other bacteria that cause diarrhea, such as
Salmonella,
Campylobacter,
Yersinia,
Cryptosporidium,
Aeromonas, and
Plesiomonas spp., are
isolated incidences and occur less often. Also
protozoan
parasites such as
Giardia lamblia may cause diarrhea.
More on
[ Traveler's diarrhea ]
Diarrhea :: Intestinal
Health :: Preparation
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BioMed Central: Travelers' Diarrhea - Scientific and medical article.
Johns Hopkins University Student Health Center: Traveler's Diarrhea Info - Factsheet with causes, prevention, and treatment.
MayoClinic.com: Traveler's Diarrhea - Features signs, symptoms, causes, prevention, and treatment.
Meta Description: [ Traveler's diarrhea — Comprehensive overview covers treatment, causes, prevention of this digestive distress. ]
MDTravel Health - Travelers' Diarrhea - Includes causes, symptoms, prognosis, prevention, and treatment.
Meta Description: [ MDTravel Health - complete travel health
information, updated daily, for physicians and travelers. ]
MedicineNet: Traveler's Diarrhea - Consumer information on travelers diarrhea, includes symptoms, causes, prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Meta Description: [ Digestion information covering the digestion system and related diseases, procedures and tests, medications, and treatments. Produced by doctors. ]
Prevention and Treatment of Traveler's Diarrhea - Article and factsheet from the American Academy of Family Physicians.
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TravDoc: Traveler's Diarrhea - Recommendations from a travel medicine consultation service.
Traveler's Diarrhea - Familydoctor.org - Factsheet with causes, prevention, and treatment.
Meta Description: [ Information about traveler’s diarrhea from the American Academy of Family Physicians. ]
Traveler's Diarrhea: The Merck Manual - Usually caused by bacteria in local water. Features causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention.
Travelers' Diarrhea - Factsheet from the CDC.
Meta Description: [ Official U.S. government health recommendations for traveling. Provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ]
Travellers Diarrhea - A comprehensive guide designed to assist Canadian travelers in determining what precautions may be considered when traveling to the developing world. From Aventis Pasteur Limited.
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