| Segmental Spinal Cord Level and Function | |
|---|---|
| Level | Function |
| Cl-C6 | Neck flexors |
| Cl-T1 | Neck extensors |
| C3, C4, C5 | Supply diaphragm (mostly C4) |
| C5, C6 | Shoulder movement, raise arm (deltoid); flexion of elbow (biceps); C6 externally rotates the arm (supinates) |
| C6, C7, C8 | Extends elbow and wrist (triceps and wrist extensors); pronates wrist |
| C7, C8, T1 | Flexes wrist |
| C8, T1 | Supply small muscles of the hand |
| Tl -T6 | Intercostals and trunk above the waist |
| T7-L1 | Abdominal muscles |
| L1, L2, L3, L4 | Thigh flexion |
| L2, L3, L4 | Thigh adduction |
| L4, L5, S1 | Thigh abduction |
| L5, S1 S2 | Extension of leg at the hip (gluteus maximus) |
| L2, L3, L4 | Extension of leg at the knee (quadriceps femoris) |
| L4, L5, S1, S2 | Flexion of leg at the knee (hamstrings) |
| L4, L5, S1 | Dorsiflexion of foot (tibialis anterior) |
| L4, L5, S1 | Extension of toes |
| L5, S1, S2 | Plantar flexion of foot |
| L5, S1, S2 | Flexion of toes |
Spinal cord injuries are not the same as back injuries such as ruptured disks, spinal stenosis or pinched nerves. It is possible to "break one's neck or back" and not sustain a spinal cord injury if only the vertebrae are damaged, but the spinal cord remains intact.
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